硅半球深腔结构无损检测技术

半球深腔的加工质量是决定硅基MEMS半球陀螺精度的关键因素之一，及时检测半球深腔的形貌参数并将其反馈至加工过程，是确保高性能MEMS半球陀螺研制成功的重要措施。由于硅半球深腔的深度较大，台阶仪和光学显微成像系统无法对半球深腔的形貌特征进行有效测量。因此,需要将硅深腔结构剖开后采用扫描电镜(SEM)进行检测。这种检测方式时间周期长，且属于破坏性的样本检测，效率和测试精度都较低。提出以硅半球深腔为模具，利用PDMS铸模将硅半球深腔的结构尺寸和表面形貌转移到PDMS凸起的半球模型上，通过检测PDMS半球模型的尺寸结构和表面形貌，即可反推出硅半球深腔的尺寸特征。经实验验证，脱模后的PDMS模型可以准确地反映出半球深腔的尺寸信息，测量结果的不确定度小于5‰，有效解决了硅半球深腔无损检测的难题。     

熔融渗硅工艺制备的SiCf/SiC复合材料微观结构与性能

SiC纤维增强SiC陶瓷基复合材料（SiC_f/SiC复合材料）在航空发动机热端部件方面具有重要应用。本文以第二代碳化硅纤维为增强材料,采用熔融渗硅工艺制备出SiC_f/SiC复合材料,测试复合材料的基本物理性能及常规力学性能,并利用Micro-CT、SEM对试样的微观结构和断面进行了表征分析。结果显示：SiC_f/SiC复合材料的体积密度为2.78 g/cm³,开气孔率小于2.0%,基体较为致密,1 200 ℃时热导率（厚度方向）为14.30 W/（m?K）,室温~1 200 ℃厚度方向和面内方向的线胀率分别为0.59%、0.56%,平均热胀系数分别为5.02×10^-6、4.73×10^-6/K;室温面内拉伸强度典型值为317 MPa,SEM显示试样断面具有明显的纤维拔出效应,弯曲强度和层间拉伸强度典型值分别达794和49 MPa。     

PIP工艺制备SiC晶须增强SiCf/SiC复合材料的性能

以不同界面层厚度的SiC纤维为增强相,采用先驱体浸渍裂解工艺(PIP)制备SiC_f(PyC)/SiC复合材料,并在复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须,对其性能进行研究。结果表明:热解碳(PyC)界面层厚度约为230 nm时,SiC纤维拔出明显,SiC_f/SiC复合材料拉伸强度、弯曲强度和断裂韧度分别达到192.3 MPa、446.9 MPa和11.4 MPa?m^1/2;在SiC_f/SiC复合材料基体中引入SiC晶须后,晶须的拔出、桥连及裂纹偏转等增韧机制增加了裂纹在基体中传递时的能量消耗,使复合材料的断裂韧度和弯曲强度分别提高了22.9%和9.1%。     

不同纤维预制体结构对SiC_f/PyC/SiBCN复合材料力学性能的影响

使用不同织造方式(二维机织,法向增强2.5维机织和三维五向编织)制备了3种SiC纤维预制体,采用树脂转移模塑(RTM)和聚合物浸渍裂解(PIP)工艺制备了SiC_f/PyC/SiBCN复合材料。观察复合材料的显微组织,测试弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度等力学性能,探究不同预制体结构对复合材料力学性能的影响行为。结果表明:同一预制体结构在不同方向的纤维分布不同导致材料力学性能的各向异性;不同预制体结构对材料力学性能有着显著的影响。     

硬质合金电火花加工工艺实验研究

针对硬质合金模具的加工表面精度要求,进行了高速钢与硬质合金两种材料的电火花加工工艺对照实验。为获得较低的表面粗糙度,选取了较小的电加工参数。实验结果表明,在该实验条件下,电火花加工的表面粗糙度不再满足常规条件下的经验公式,而与工件材料的再凝结特征、成分及电蚀产物的排出条件有关。     

Fast Probabilistic Particle Identification algorithm using silicon strip detectors

Active detectors used as radiation monitors in space are not usually able to perform Particle Identification (PID). Common techniques need energy loss spectra with high statistics to estimate ion abundances. The ALTEA-space detector system is a set of silicon strip particle telescopes monitoring the radiation environment on board the International Space Station since July 2006 with real-time telemetry capabilities. Its large geometrical factor due to the concurrent use of six detectors permits the acquisition of good energy loss spectra even in a short period of observation. In this paper we present a novel Fast Probabilistic Particle Identification (FPPI) algorithm developed for the ALTEA data analysis in order to perform nuclear identification with low statistics and, with some limitations, also in real time.     

GT35硬质合金材料高温摩擦磨损特性研究

利用球-盘高温摩擦磨损试验机对GT35硬质合金进行摩擦磨损实验,研究了GT35硬质合金材料的摩擦磨损特性及机理。分析了不同温度和不同摩擦半径情况下GT35硬质合金的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明:在法向载荷不变的条件下,GT35硬质合金的摩擦系数和比磨损率均随温度的上升而增大,其摩擦系数和比磨损率随摩擦半径的增加也呈上升的变化趋势。     

硬质合金电火花加工工艺实验研究

针对硬质合金模具的加工表面精度要求,进行了高速钢与硬质合金两种材料的电火花加工工艺对照实验。为获得较低的表面粗糙度,选取了较小的电加工参数。实验结果表明,在该实验条件下,电火花加工的表面粗糙度不再满足常规条件下的经验公式,而与工件材料的再凝结特征、成分及电蚀产物的排出条件有关。     

Laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling of high aspect ratio microgroove on WC-Co cemented carbide

Severe tool wear and poor surface quality are the main problems during micro machining of cemented carbide. In this work, an innovative hybrid process of laser-induced oxidation assisted micro milling (LOMM) was proposed to solve the problems. A nanosecond laser was utilized to induce oxidation of the WC-20%Co material, producing loose oxide which was easy to remove. The micro machinability of the material was improved by laser-induced oxidation. The oxidation mechanisms of cemented carbide were studied. A microgroove with a depth of 2.5 mm and aspect ratio of 5 was fabricated successfully. The milling force, surface quality and tool wear mechanisms were investigated. For comparison, a microgroove was also fabricated with conventional micro milling (COMM) using identical milling parameters. Results revealed that in LOMM the milling force and tool wear rate were extremely low during removing the oxide. The machined surface quality and dimensional accuracy achieved by LOMM were superior to those obtained by COMM. The surface roughness S_a of the microgroove bottom reached 88 nm in LOMM, while the cross-sectional geometry of the microgroove was a trapezoid. Perpendicularity of the microgroove sidewall machined by LOMM was better than that by COMM. The tool wear forms in LOMM were coating spalling and slight tool nose breakage. Compared with COMM, the tool life in LOMM was prolonged significantly. It indicates that the proposed hybrid process is an effective and efficient way to fabricate high aspect ratio micro-features with high dimensional accuracy.     

浇注温度对1种新型铸造镍基高温合金组织和拉伸性能的影响

为分析浇注温度与合金的组织结构和力学性能之间的变化关系,通过改变浇注温度获得不同枝晶组织试样,采用金相显微镜和扫描电镜来观察和分析合金的组织结构,结合拉伸性能测试研究了合金的组织结构对拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：降低浇注温度使γ＇相和碳化物得到细化;降低浇注温度提高了合金的拉伸强度,并改善了塑性。