无人机翼尖小翼参数优化及风洞试验研究

为延长无人机留空时间，加大航程和提高升限，可采用加装翼尖小翼的方法使无人机的升阻比有所提高。在工程估算的基础上．对几十种翼尖小翼的组合方案进行了风洞试验，并对试验结果进行了优化分析．得出了可供无人机使用的翼尖小翼参数。试验结果表明，加装翼尖小翼使全机最大升阻比可提高10．6％。     

Flow mechanism between purge flow and mainstream in different turbine rim seal configurations

The rim seal is used to prevent mainstream ingestion to the gap between the vane of a turbine and its blade. In this article, the dolphin lip with a hook configuration and a large seal cavity with hook structures are designed based on the high-pressure turbine datum single shark lip rim seal configuration. The sealing effect and parameters of the flow field are measured by an experiment method and a numerical simulation is used to explain the mechanism. For three configurations, the effect of the leakage slot vortex on the efficiency of the seal and the influence of leakage vortex, generated by the interaction between purge flow and mainstream flow, are discussed in depth. The result shows that the reverse vortex formed by the dolphin lip rim seal with hook structure will increase the sealing efficiency. The seal configuration with a large cavity improves sealing efficiency to a greater extent than the datum structure. At different purge flow rates and with unequal seal structures, the purge flow produces three types of leakage vortices in the passage. Besides, the seal configuration with dolphin lip produces a Kelvin-Helmholtz instability at the interface of the purge and the mainstream flows at a low purge flow rate to induce new leakage vortex branches in the passage of the blade.     

Effect of blade tip winglet on the performance of a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor

The tip leakage flow has an important influence on the performance of transonic com-pressor. Blade tip winglet has been proved to be an effective method to control the tip leakage flow in compressor, while the physical mechanisms of blade tip winglet have been poorly understood. A numerical study for a highly loaded transonic compressor rotor has been conducted to understand the effect of varying the location of blade tip winglet on the performance of the rotor. Two kinds of tip winglet were designed and investigated. The effects of blade tip winglet on the compressor over-all performance, stability and tip flow structure were presented and discussed. It is found that the interaction of the tip winglet with the flow in the tip region is different when the winglet is located at suction-side or pressure-side of the blade tip. Results indicate that the suction-side winglet (SW) is ineffective to improve the performance of compressor rotor. In addition, a significant stall range extension equivalent to 33.74% with a very small penalty in efficiency can be obtained by the pressure-side winglet (PW). An attempt has been made to explain the fundamental mechanisms of blade tip winglet in detail.     

翼尖装置优化设计研究

使用面元法气动分析软件VSAERO对机翼与翼梢小翼组合体模型进行数值模拟,并采用Steve Smith提出的诱导阻力优化方法对翼梢小翼的定位进行优化设计。结果表明,能够有效地预测出翼梢小翼的最优定位,在翼梢小翼优化设计中具有很好的适用性。     

叶顶压力侧小翼对跨声速涡轮级气动性能影响的数值研究

为了研究涡轮叶顶间隙泄漏流动有效控制的方式,本文将肋条小翼结构这种被动流动控制技术应用于涡轮级动叶叶顶中,以控制跨声速涡轮级叶顶间隙泄漏流动并改善其气动性能。通过数值模拟方法,分析了采用平顶方案、肋条方案和小翼肋条方案的涡轮级气动性能和叶顶间隙流动特性,研究了变间隙条件下小翼肋条方案对间隙泄漏流的控制效果,深入探讨小翼最大偏置距离和外倾角对小翼控制效果的影响。结果表明：所采用的肋条小翼结构能够有效地控制叶顶间隙泄漏流动并提高涡轮级的效率;在间隙高度为1mm时,涡轮级效率的提升达到0.51%,叶顶间隙泄漏流率下降48.6%;此外,随着小翼外倾角的增加,涡轮级效率逐渐增加并存在一个最佳的向外偏置距离为1.2mm。     

融合式翼梢小翼减阻效应研究

有效减小诱导阻力对于飞机降低油耗、提高航程具有重要意义。针对某飞机翼身组合体构型,采用CFD数值模拟方法分析融合式翼梢小翼对飞机气动力特性的影响,尤其是其减阻效应;并给出翼梢小翼附近的空间流场。结果表明:带翼梢小翼后翼尖涡强度减弱,飞机阻力系数明显下降;固定升力系数0.5时,弯矩增加3.2%,阻力系数减小4.2%。     

受涡轮动、静叶片影响的轴向轮缘密封非定常封严特性研究

为探究受涡轮动、静叶片单独及共同作用下的轮缘密封结构封严与入侵的精细流动机理,通过SST湍流模型,对处于无叶片、仅存在动叶、仅存在静叶、动静叶均存在的4个不同环境中的典型轴向密封结构进行非定常数值模拟.结果表明:动、静叶片通过改变轮缘密封间隙出口处高、低压区之间的面积与压差,和增加间隙内的再循环及泰勒-库特型流动强度,...     

微型飞行器气动布局的弹射试飞研究

提出了3种不同的微型飞行器气动布局方案：平直机翼、＂M＂形机翼和附加翼稍小翼的气动布局形式.设计、制作了无动力弹射模型和弹射发射平台.通过多次无动力弹射试验,对相关数据进行了对比分析,发现在上述3种气动布局形式中,以具有一定高度的翼稍小翼的气动布局形式为最好.     

1.5级涡轮前后轮缘密封封严流动特性研究

为了研究前后腔轮缘密封封严特性和封严出流与主流的交互作用,对转静叶片之间带有前后封严腔的1.5级涡轮进行了三维定常数值模拟,研究了不同封严流量下前后封严腔出口处流场分布并采用附加变量法对比分析了前后腔轮缘密封效率。结果表明：前封严腔主流燃气入侵位置主要受到来自上游导叶尾迹的影响,后封严腔主流燃气入侵位置主要受到下游导叶前缘位势场影响;封严出流影响了20%叶高以下的主流区域,增大了轮毂二次流强度;采用相同封严流量下时前封严腔的封严效率较后腔更低且有着更大的封严效率波动。     

无人机气动特性改进及风洞试验研究

为延长某无人机的留空时间，加大航程和提高升限，用适当加大机翼展弦比和加装翼尖小翼的办法对原型机的气动特性进行了改进，以期能使该无人机的升阻比有较大提高。在工程估算的基础上，对改进后的气动特性和几十种翼尖小翼的组合方案进行了风洞试验研究和优化分析，得出了可供该无人机使用的气动特性改进的最佳方案。风洞试验结果表明：和原型机相比，改型机的最大升阻比可提高20．6％。