Theoretical modeling of vectoring dual synthetic jet based on regression analysis

The excellent vectoring characteristic of Dual Synthetic Jet (DSJ) provides a new control strategy for the active flow control, such as thrust vectoring control, large area cooling, separated flow control and so on. For incompressible flow, the influence relation of source variables, such as structure parameters of actuators, driving parameters and material attributes of piezoelectric vibrating diaphragm, on the vectoring DSJ and a theoretical model are established based on theoretical and regression analysis, which are all verified by numerical simulations. The two synthetic jets can be deemed as a main flow with a higher jet velocity and a disturbing flow with a lower jet velocity. The results indicate that the influence factors contain the low-pressure area formed at the exit of the disturbing flow, which could promote the vectoring deflection, and the impact effect of the disturbing flow and the suppressive effect of the main flow with the effect of restraining the vectoring deflection. The vectoring angle is a complex parameter coupled by all source variables. The detailed theoretical model, whose error is controlled within 3.6 degrees, can be used to quantitatively assess the vectoring feature of DSJ and thus to provide a guidance for designing the control law applied in the active flow control.     

Ionospheric total electron content response to annular solar eclipse on June 21, 2020

The effects of physical events on the ionosphere structure is an important field of study, especially for navigation and radio communication. The paper presents the spatio-temporal ionospheric TEC response to the recent annular solar eclipse on June 21, 2020, which spans across two continents, Africa and Asia, and 14 countries. This eclipse took place on the same day as the June Solstice. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) based TEC data of the Global Ionosphere Maps (GIMs), 9 International GNSS Service (IGS) stations and FORMOSAT-7/COSMIC-2 (F7/C2) were utilized to analyze TEC response during the eclipse. The phases of the TEC time series were determined by taking the difference of the observed TEC values on eclipse day from the previous 5-day median TEC values. The results showed clear depletions in the TEC time series on June 21. These decreases were between 1 and 9 TECU (15–60%) depending on the location of IGS stations. The depletions are relatively higher at the stations close to the path of annular eclipse than those farther away. Furthermore, a reduction of about ?10 TECU in the form of an equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) was observed in GIMs at ~20° away from the equator towards northpole, between 08:00–11:00 UT where its maximum phase is located in southeast Japan. Additionally, an overall depletion of ~10% was observed in F7/C2 derived TEC at an altitude of 240 km (hmF2) in all regions affected by the solar eclipse, whereas, significant TEC fluctuations between the altitudes of 100 km ? 140 km were analyzed using the Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter. To prove TEC depletions are not caused by space weather, the variation of the sunspot number (SSN), solar wind (V_SW), disturbance storm-time (Dst), and Kp indices were investigated from 16th to 22nd June. The quiet space weather before and during the solar eclipse proved that the observed depletions in the TEC time series and profiles were caused by the annular solar eclipse.     

高背压等离子点火器及其液体燃料点火特性实验研究

航天应用的液体火箭发动机及燃烧型加热器燃烧室室压高、燃料流量大、温度低、有重复启动需求，实现安全可靠点火的难度较大。针对这些需求，研究了一种采用高背压设计的电弧等离子体点火器。实验研究了Ar，N₂气体工质在高进气压力下的伏安特性，发现N₂在宽压力范围内适用于点火。发射光谱分析表明，在高达数MPa的进气压力下，Ar，N₂等离子体射流电子密度符合局部热力学平衡判据（LTE判据），点火能量集中。N₂等离子体整体温度低于Ar，但阳极喷口附近温度高于Ar，N₂等离子体射流火焰长，卷吸沿程空气造成射流平均温度偏低，但有助于低温液体推进剂的蒸发混合和强化点火。等离子体射流引起了臭氧和氮氧化物的形成，具有促进点火和化学反应的作用。背压提高引起电源输出电压升高，提高供气压力和电流，有助于点火器在高背压环境中稳定电压。燃烧型空气加热器燃烧室的点火实验发现，采用N₂等离子体喷注面中心点火，可以在短时间内完成酒精-空气和酒精-液氧-空气的点火，最高燃烧室室压接近5MPa时，点火器仍能稳定工作，多次使用电极烧蚀不明显，在液体火箭发动机的重复可靠点火方面具有很好的应用前景。     

高能合成煤油GN-1性能研究 --“液体火箭推进”专刊

结合火箭发动机工程应用环境，研究了GN-1煤油高温高压热物性、安全特性、传热结焦性能以及点火延迟性能，并和现役火箭煤油作了对比分析。采用商业仪器对GN-1煤油在最高200℃、最高压力25MPa范围内的密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力进行了实验测量。在实验数据的基础上，依据基团贡献法、基于比容平移法则的P-R方程、摩擦理论、广义对应态原理分别对GN-1煤油在最高350℃、最高压力60MPa范围内的密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力进行了理论计算，建立了GN-1煤油的密度方程、黏度方程、导热系数方程，并将方程的计算值与实验值进行了对比，计算偏差较小。对GN-1煤油和火箭煤油的安全性能进行对比研究，GN-1煤油的闪点为40℃，自燃温度为305℃，高于火箭煤油(225℃)；燃点为47℃，低于火箭煤油(82℃)，GN-1煤油的爆炸极限范围为0.44%-2.9%（40℃）。GN-1煤油和火箭煤油的急性经口毒性LD50＞5000mg/kg，均属于第五级化合物（实际无毒）。在入口压力10 MPa，流速10 m·s-1，内壁温480℃条件下，GN-1煤油的传热系数比火箭煤油提高14.4%，建立了传热准则方程。GN-1煤油出口油温220℃时试验段平均结焦速率是出口油温150℃时的4.43倍，GN-1煤油不锈钢材质管路中试验段平均结焦为高合管材质管路中的22.3%。在970K-1105K温度范围内，GN-1煤油的点火延迟时间为320μs-471μs，是火箭煤油的55.6%-69.3%。相关研究可对发动机可靠设计及应用提供重要参考。     

燃烧室头部激励的等离子体强化燃烧特性实验研究

等离子体助燃是一种新型的强化燃烧技术，近年来受到国内外学者的广泛关注。本文开创性地研制了基于旋转滑动弧等离子体的强化燃烧头部，建立了某型航空发动机三头部燃烧室实验件的等离子体助燃实验平台，验证了该等离子体强化燃烧技术应用于型号发动机燃烧室的可行性。实验研究等离子体助燃在不同余气系数和不同输入电压条件下对平均出口温度、燃烧效率、温度分布系数以及熄火边界的影响。实验结果表明，与正常燃烧相比，施加等离子体助燃后的燃烧效率有明显的提高，在输入电压为U0=240V，余气系数为 α=0.8时，等离子体助燃的燃烧效率提高3.24%。实施等离子体助燃后，燃烧室出口温度分布场分布得到明显的改善，在富油工况α=0.8，出口温度分布系数减少39.8%。等离子体助燃输入电压越高熄火边界扩展程度越明显，相比于正常工况条件下，等离子体助燃U0=240V的熄火边界扩宽了7.34%。     

气流出口型面对凹面腔内激波聚焦起爆的影响

为提高两级脉冲爆震发动机工作的可靠性，探寻强化凹面腔内激波聚焦起爆爆震波的方法，通过数值模拟，采用氢气作为燃料、空气作为氧化剂，探讨了3种凹面腔气流出口型面及出口面积对激波聚焦起爆的影响。结果表明:采用垂直出口壁面有助于提高凹面腔内的激波聚焦起爆压力和温度，使起爆时刻提前，随着出口面积的减小，激波聚焦峰值压力有较大的提高；但效果不如垂直壁面，随着倾斜壁面出口面积减小，起爆点的压力和温度只有小幅度增加，起爆时刻基本无变化；采用弧形出口壁面，不能对向凹面腔底部传播的激波产生反射强化作用，不能有效起爆爆震波。对比3种出口壁面型面，垂直壁面能更有利于凹面腔内的能量聚集，强化激波聚焦起爆爆震波。      

同步误差条件下的空间目标双基地ISAR自聚焦算法

以空间目标为研究对象，针对双基地雷达时间、空间及频率同步误差导致的逆合成孔径雷达图像散焦问题，提出基于离散多项式相位变换的自聚焦算法。算法首先将目标平动、转动及同步误差导致的相位项统一建模为高阶多项式，利用离散多项式相位变换方法估计高阶多项式系数并据此构建补偿相位项，完成高阶相位补偿。最后进行方位压缩得到高聚焦度的二维ISAR像。算法通过选取合适的延时参数及成像积累时间可得到高精度参数估计及相位补偿，理论分析和仿真校验了算法性能优于常用的非参数化自聚焦算法。     

变攻角下被动射流旋涡对高速扩压叶栅性能的影响

对被动射流旋涡(PJV)控制高速扩压叶栅内的流动分离控制展开数值研究,并探究其在变工况条件下的适应特性。结果表明,PJV在设计攻角下可使叶栅总压损失系数降低5.2%,变攻角条件下的损失降低幅度最高可达7.8%,表明其具有较高的控制效率和良好的变工况适应特性。随着攻角的增大,吸力面分离位置提前,射流出口与分离区间的距离减小,PJV能够更为有效地促进附面层内低能流体与主流间的动量交换,使得壁面涡结构得到重新组织,并进一步影响通道涡、集中脱落涡等涡系结构的发展,从而推迟流动分离、减小损失。在综合考虑变攻角流场特性的前提下,应使PJV的作用位置位于分离区上游不远处,所研究的最佳射流位置位于叶片前缘上游40%轴向弦长处。      

Kink mode m = 1 in magnetic tube with discontinuous magnetic field

In this paper, we study conditions of realization and stability of kink modes with azimuthal wave numbers $m=\pm 1$ in cylindrical plasma flex with twisted magnetic field and homogeneous current along its axis. We assume permanent axial magnetic field both inside and outside the flex, surrounded by currentless plasma. Azimuthal magnetic field decreases inversely proportional to the distance from the boundary beyond the flex. We derived dispersion equations for stable and unstable modes in approximation of “thin” plasma flex. The analysis of equations has been provided for the case of discontinuous axial magnetic field on flex’s boundary. Conditions of propagation of wave modes have been defined. It was shown, that unstable modes can be implemented in certain interval of longitudinal wavenumbers. Results can be applied for the interpretation of solar magnetic tubes behavior, using measurements, provided by spacecrafts.     

基于合成射流的旋翼翼型动态失速控制研究

针对直升机旋翼工作环境下来流速度和迎角(Angle of attack,AoA)耦合引起的动态失速问题,建立了基于合成射流的旋翼动态失速控制的数值模拟方法。采用运动嵌套网格方法,通过对翼型的平移和旋转实现变来流速度-变迎角的耦合。以积分形式的雷诺平均N-S方程为主控方程,空间离散使用Roe格式,时间离散为隐式LU-SGS方法,以OA209翼型为研究对象,在翼型上表面放置合成射流激振器,开展了射流位置、动量系数、无量纲频率以及偏角等参数对轻度失速、深度失速下翼型动态失速控制的研究。研究发现,轻度失速下,射流位置靠近气流分离点时(20%c附近,c为翼型弦长),对逆压梯度引起的轻度失速控制效果最佳。深度失速下气流分离点虽在5%c之前,但射流位于前缘分离泡后端(10%c附近)时控制效果较好。大迎角需要较大的动量系数才能有效控制。射流频率对涡结构的尺寸和数量会产生一定影响,能改变气动特性波动幅度。较小的射流偏角对轻度失速的控制更有效,而深度失速则需要较大的偏角。