锈层对过冷沸腾换热影响的实验及数值研究

针对锈层对过冷沸腾换热冷却效果的影响，本文进行了理论分析、实验研究和仿真校验。首先结合经典的过冷沸腾换热理论，分析了锈层对冷却效果影响最大的几个因素。然后进行了一组夹套内壁生锈和未生锈两种情况下冷却效果的对比实验。实验发现，内壁生锈造成入口段温度大幅升高，且温升沿流道方向递次减小。接着分析了造成该现象的几大因素，推断锈层影响了流态进而抑制了沸腾换热机制是最主要的因素，并对不同入口流态下管内沸腾换热进行数值仿真，校验了上述分析结果。最后，根据研究结论，对过冷沸腾换热中易生锈或类似的粗糙内壁槽道的设计方法提出了建议。     

基于速率限制的Ⅱ型驾驶员诱发振荡评估方法

速率限制问题已成为电传操纵飞机发生驾驶员诱发振荡（PIO）的主要原因。在新机设计中,随着复杂性的提高,预测PIO变得更加困难和重要。以人一机系统为研究对象,讨论速率限制对系统的影响,重点分析验证基于速率限制的Ⅱ型PIO的开环发生点（OLOP）准则的评估方法。针对不同飞行状态下的飞机纵向运动模型,使用两种驾驶员控制模型,在不同的驾驶员输入、不同速率限制条件下进行数值仿真试验研究。结果表明：OLOP准则是有效的评估工具,杆振幅因素对评估结果的影响较强。     

A statistical analysis of substorm associated tail activity

Substorm onset timing is a critical issue in magnetotail dynamics research. Solar wind energy is accumulated in the magnetosphere and the configuration of the magnetosphere evolves toward an unstable state during the growth phase. At some point, the expansion phase begins and the stored energy is released through a variety of processes that return the magnetosphere to a lower energy state. In recovery the various processes die away. Unfortunately, the ground and magnetospheric signatures of onset, i.e. energy release, can be seen both in the growth phase prior to onset and in the expansion phase after onset. Some investigators refer to each of these events as a substorm. Tail observations suggest that most substorms have one event that differentiates the behavior of the tail field and plasma. We refer to this time as the “main substorm onset”. Each substorm associated phenomenon is timed independently and then compared with main substorm onsets. ISEE-2 tail observations are used to examine the tail lobe magnetic conditions associated with substorms because ISEE-2 orbit has a high inclination and frequently observes lobe field. Approximately 70 ∼ 75% of tail lobe B_t and B_z change are associated with the main substorm onset. If the satellite is more than 3 Re above (below) the neutral sheet, 86% (57%) of plasma pressure dropouts are associated with substorms. We interpret our results as evidence that the effect of the growth phase is to drive the magnetosphere towards instability. As it approaches global instability local regions become temporarily unstable but are rapidly quenched. Eventually one of these events develops into the global instability that releases most of the stored energy and returns the magnetosphere to a more stable configuration.     

Experimental study on flow excursion instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel in scramjet regenerative cooling parallel channels

Flow instability of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel is a crucial issue in scramjet regenerative cooling structure. In this study, flow excursion instability and flow distribution in parallel tubes were experimentally studied for supercritical fluids. Two types of flow excursion occur in a single tube. Type I and Type II excursions, and they are corresponding to decreasing and increasing flow rate respectively. They can trigger flow maldistribution between parallel tubes and the hysteresis phenomenon of flow distribution. The effects of system parameters, including inlet temperature, system pressure, and heat flux, on flow distribution were analyzed. In addition, the relationship between flow excursion and the pseudo-critical interval proposed in the literature was established according to the heated tube outlet temperature at the onset of flow instability. Finally, the flow excursion instability boundary was obtained using two dimensionless parameters. These experimental results can provide helpful insight on the mechanism of Scramjet regenerative cooling.