惯导平台误差快速自标定方法研究

针对惯导平台误差系数标定问题提出了一种平台连续旋转条件下的误差系数自主标定方法.建立了基于框架角动力学方程的平台连续翻滚模型,平台旋转时,系统的框架角和加速度计输出包含了陀螺仪、加速度计的全部误差.利用李导数及输出灵敏度理论全面分析了连续翻滚路径下惯导系统的可观测性.提出了一种结合传统多位置试验的平台连续翻滚自标定方案.仿真结果表明该方案可以在较短的时间内完成平台系统误差系数的高精度标定.     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

基于矢量测量和UKBF的飞越小天体自主导航方法研究

以估计航天器和小天体在日心惯性系中的位置和速度为目的,提出了基于视线矢量测量的飞越小天体自主导航方法。该方法利用导航相机和激光高度计构建航天器到目标天体的视线矢量,同时为避免系统方程线性化和离散化所带来的模型误差,采用UKBF (Unscented Kalman\|Bucy Filter)算法对相应位置和速度进行估计。分析了导航系统的能观性,并以坦普尔一号为目标天体进行仿真验证,理论分析和仿真结果皆表明了方法的有效性和可行性。
     

基于可观测度分析和增量因子图的多源融合导航方法

复杂动态场景下高精度导航定位是自主无人系统决策规划与控制执行的基础。在城市峡谷、隧道、地下或室内停车场等场景下，卫星信号弱甚至丢失，严重影响了惯性/卫星/视觉等多源融合导航的精度和可靠性。为主动适应动态场景变化，迫切需要设计一种适用于跨场景的多源融合导航系统。基于动态时变系统的可观测度分析，在线度量惯性/卫星、惯性/视觉等组合导航因子的可信程度，进而采用因子图融合导航框架，根据各组合导航因子的可信程度，主动优化因子构建和增量平滑过程，以实现多传感器自适应融合导航与可靠定位。实验仿真表明：基于可观测度分析方法，能够在线优化因子图计算过程，提升了多源融合导航系统的环境适应性和跨场景能力，保证了复杂动态场景下自主无人系统跨场景导航模式切换和连续可靠的导航定位。     

Passive localization by a single moving observer using TOA only with unknown SRI: Observability analysis and algorithm

Passive localization by a single moving observer using Time of Arrival (TOA) only with an unknown Signal Repetition Interval (SRI) is investigated in this paper. Observability analysis is performed first. The observability condition for uniquely determining the emitter position and SRI is derived. The conditional Cramer-Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is also analyzed. It is found that the ambiguity of the SRI integer of the first TOA does not affect the theoretical estimation precision of the emitter position and SRI. A Reference-Fixed Differential TOA (RFDTOA)-based Iterative Maximum Likelihood Estimator (IMLE) is proposed, which only needs O(M) computational operations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the Mean Square Error (MSE) of the proposed algorithm could attain the CRLB with moderate Gaussian measurement noise.     

Guidepost-based autonomous orbit determination method for GEO satellite

Guidepost-based navigation system is a novel autonomous orbit determination method for the GEO satellite. The system is achieved by using the camera imaging function to obtain the guidepost images and the GNSS signal receiver to obtain the pseudoranges between the GEO and the navigation satellites. Due to the high altitude of GEO satellite and the time-varying sunlight condition in the space environment, it may be difficult to obtain object image points and the distance measurements of GNSS because of the weak visibility of the guideposts. To deal with the problem, a novel integrated orbit determination system is presented. The Earth landmarks, the in-orbit spacecraft and GNSS navigation satellites whose line-of-sights and the distance can be easily obtained are used at the same time as information for the GEO satellite navigation based on the observability conditions analysis. The observability of the GEO satellite navigation system is analyzed through the physical observability, the mathematical observability and the engineering observability through the observing geometry, the rank of observability matrix and the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) respectively. Besides, the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter (MCUKF) algorithm is applied to improve the estimation stability of the system in the presence of non-Gaussian noises. The simulation indicates the feasibility of the proposed scheme.     

捷联惯导系统误差状态可观性分析

捷联惯导系统误差状态可观性分析是为了确定卡尔曼滤波器对系统误差状态的估值效果。本文根据分段常值理论分析了捷联惯导系统误差状态的可观性，得到相应的可观性结论，并且分析了水平通道的误差状态可观性，所得到的分析结论对设计滤波器时的运动路径设置提供了参考依据。     

近地轨道航天器编队仅测距相对导航方法

针对地球中高轨道卫星导航信号不可用或不可信赖情况下的航天器编队自主相对导航问题,提出一种基于星载数据链仅测距的航天器相对导航新方法。首先,在地球非球形J2引力摄动条件下建立适用于椭圆轨道的线性化相对运动动力学模型,并建立基于星载数据链的飞行时间测距模型。然后,通过理论推导与数值仿真结合的方式对建立的仅测距相对导航系统进行可观测性分析,得出至少存在三种镜像模糊轨道的结论。接着,建立可用于提升系统可观测性的几何拓扑一致性约束模型,设计基于一致性无味卡尔曼滤波的分布式估计策略,并研究对应的相对导航误差传播规律。最后,通过标准蒙特卡洛打靶对所提算法进行仿真校验。仿真结果表明,相比于Tschauner Hempel(TH)动力学模型,利用建立的J2摄动相对运动动力学模型设计的仅测距相对导航系统能达到更高的相对导航精度,一致性无味卡尔曼滤波算法也能够有效提高编队导航的可观测性。     

卫星编队飞行相对轨道主被动结合测量方案研究

针对军用编队飞行卫星系统相对轨道测量隐蔽性要求，提出一种具有隐蔽性的主被动结合相对位置及速度测量方案，该方案采取激光测距仪间断工作的方式以减少向外界辐射能量。应用扩展kalman滤波算法，对编队卫星间相对位置及速度进行估计，并且采用计算可观测度方法对系统可观测性进行分析。滤波计算及可观测性分析结果表明该方案满足一定测量精度，验证了该方案的有效性，使该方案具有工程应用价值。     

视觉导航信息可观性分析的Matlab Symbolic Computation方法

提出了视觉导航信息估计的Matlab Symbolic Computation方法，计算了视觉导航系统中6个自由度变量的最优估计的误差协方差阵的秩、特征值和特征向量，并得到了导航信息可估的条件及结论。通过仿真不仅进一步验证了文献[2]中理论推导及结论的正确性，而且简化了理论分析过程。本文提出的方法具有实际应用价值。