Simulation Techniques for Cosmological Simulations

Modern cosmological observations allow us to study in great detail the evolution and history of the large scale structure hierarchy. The fundamental problem of accurate constraints on the cosmological parameters, within a given cosmological model, requires precise modelling of the observed structure. In this paper we briefly review the current most effective techniques of large scale structure simulations, emphasising both their advantages and shortcomings. Starting with basics of the direct N<;/i>-body simulations appropriate to modelling cold dark matter evolution, we then discuss the direct-sum technique GRAPE, particle-mesh (PM) and hybrid methods, combining the PM and the tree algorithms. Simulations of baryonic matter in the Universe often use hydrodynamic codes based on both particle methods that discretise mass, and grid-based methods. We briefly describe Eulerian grid methods, and also some variants of Lagrangian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) methods.     

以N2O为工质的汽蚀文氏管流场仿真

为得到N<;sub>2O在汽蚀文氏管中的汽蚀流场分布,以实际气体状态方程和完全汽穴模型为基础,求解两相混合物流动的控制方程组.针对N<;sub>2O的特点,对三种不同工况下文氏管的汽蚀流场分别考虑汽化热和不考虑汽化热进行了仿真,并对两种计算结果进行了对比分析.考虑汽化热计算得到的汽蚀区比不考虑汽化热计算得到的要小,而且汽蚀区及周边温度有明显的变化,计算结果更加真实合理,说明了考虑汽化热计算的必要性和正确性,对汽蚀文氏管的设计有一定的指导作用.     

Rotational constants of linear and/or bent Cn+1H and CnN(n = 1–6): A DFT study

The geometries, dipole moments, and rotational constants for the linear and/or bent cations, C_n+1H⁺ and C_nN<;sup>+(n = 1–6), were studied by the B3LYP method with the modest basis sets. For C_nH⁺(n = odd; 3, 5, 7) and C_nN<;sup>+(n = even; 2, 4, 6), the theoretical rotational constants (B_es) of closed-shell singlet C₃H⁺, C₅H⁺, C₇H⁺, CCN<;sup>+, C₄N<;sup>+, and C₆N<;sup>+ were calculated to be about 11,244, 2420, 885.2, 11,970, 2439, and 880.8 MHz, respectively. By contrast, the triplets are stable than the corresponding singlets for C_nH⁺(n = odd; 2, 4, 6) and C_nN<;sup>+(n = even; 3, 5) except CN<;sup>+.     

On tethered sample and mooring systems near irregular asteroids

A tethered asteroid sample and mooring system is investigated in this paper. In this system the spacecraft is moored to the surface of an irregular asteroid such as 216 Kleopatra by using a rocket-propelled anchor with a cable. The rocket-propelled anchor is a kind of space penetrator, which can inject into asteroids at high speeds generated by its own rocket engine. It can be used to explore the interior structure of asteroids, and it can also be used as a sample collector. When the sampling mission is done, the sample can be pulled back to the spacecraft with the anchor. Using this method, the spacecraft can be kept in a safe region in which it cannot be trapped by the gravitational field of the asteroid. This work is concerned with the dynamics of the tethered system near irregular asteroids. First, a shape model and gravitational field model of irregular asteroids are built. Then, the configuration and the stability of the tethered system are investigated, and the quasi-periodic motion near the equilibrium point of the tethered system is analyzed. Finally, the non-uniform density distribution of the asteroids is considered. The deployment process and the oscillation of the tethered system in the uncertain asteroid gravity field are simulated using the Monte Carlo method. The feasibility of the tethered asteroid sample and mooring system is proved.     

凹型粗糙元对边界层稳定性的影响

为了能够利用eN方法对带有凹型粗糙元的平板边界层进行转捩预测.通过数值模拟和流动稳定性的方法研究了马赫数为4.5的超声速边界层中凹型粗糙元对扰动演化的影响.对两种尺度的凹型粗糙元下扰动沿流向的幅值和增长率分布进行了计算.结果表明:凹型粗糙元对基本流的影响只是局限在凹型粗糙元及其附近很小的范围内.凹型粗糙元对扰动幅值的演化有抑制作用,尺度越大抑制作用越明显.在凹型粗糙元的后面,凹型粗糙元对扰动幅值的增长率的影响很小,相对变化量在2%以内.验证了对壁面有凹型粗糙元的情况,可以通过流动稳定性分析加N值修正的方法进行转捩预测.      

透波性Si3N4陶瓷铣削加工表面边缘破损实验研究

针对透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工过程中易出现边缘破损现象,通过不同铣削深度实验研究了边缘破损类型、产生位置以及切深对边缘破损影响,并分析了边缘破损产生机理,最后提出了边缘破损控制方法。结果表明:当切深为0.4~0.8 mm时,边缘破损主要集中于出口棱边和入刀侧边;且脆性域加工过程中随着切深的增加,边缘破损程度呈现增大趋势;降低切深至≤0.3 mm且采用跟随周边走刀方式,并保证入刀处刀尖线速度方向与进给方向夹角不小于90°,可以有效控制边缘破损。研究为提高透波性Si_3N_4陶瓷铣削加工表面质量提供了技术支撑。     

内加热式N2O单组元推力器预热过程仿真与试验

为了提高N2O单组元推力器预热效果,对推力器结构做出改进,引入内加热的预热模式.在模拟真空环境下开展了内加热式推力器预热试验,以10W功率加热5 800 s,使催化剂温度达到260℃(533K),证明了内加热模式的可行性及优越性.开展了内加热式N2O单组元推力器系统的三维建模,并利用有限元软件对推力器预热过程进行了分析,得到了推力器结构温度场随时间的变化情况.数值分析结果与试验数据吻合良好,验证了所用仿真模型的准确性.进一步对简化结构后的内加热式推力器在模拟太空环境下分别施加10,5,3W加热功率时的预热过程开展了数值仿真研究,结果表明:10W和5W加热功率能使催化剂在3 600 s内达到工作温度250℃,可为N2O单组元推力器的实际应用提供参考.     

三维高超声速边界层中eN方法的应用

针对e N方法中的鞍点法(SPM),结合内波理论,提出了一种简便算法.并用该算法计算了一个由平板、圆锥、圆柱3部分组成的模型以马赫数为10的速度在高度位于30~45km之间、攻角为0°和10°的工况下N值分布情况.结果表明:高度的增加会使转捩位置向下游移动,转捩面积会变小甚至消失;与攻角为0°相比,攻角为10°会使迎风的平板部分转捩发生的可能性增大,转捩面积也会变大;对于背风处的圆锥部分,攻角为10°却会减弱转捩发生可能性,使得转捩面积变小,甚至消失,而且转捩位置也会变化.     

g-C3N4/Fe2O3复合催化剂的表征及其对AP的催化作用

为了改善固体推进剂中高氯酸铵（AP）热分解性能,降低其热分解温度,利用SEM,XRD,FT-IR对原位制备的g-C₃N<;sub>4/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂的形貌和结构进行了表征,通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）考察了催化剂对AP 热分解的催化效果。结果表明：g-C₃N<;sub>4/Fe₂O₃复合结构完整,Fe₂O₃颗粒紧密负载在g-C₃N<;sub>4上;加入不同质量分数的复合催化剂,AP的低温分解峰和高温分解峰都明显降低,且随着催化剂加入量的增加催化效果增强;加入复合催化剂质量分数5%时,高温分解峰和低温分解峰分别降低到348.1℃和281.7℃,表明g-C₃N<;sub>4/Fe₂O₃复合催化剂可有效降低AP的热分解温度,改善其热分解性能。     

Si粉特性对反应烧结Si3N4多孔陶瓷的强韧性及介电性能的调控作用

Si₃N<;sub>4多孔陶瓷具有优异的力学性能、介电性能、热学性能和化学稳定性等，特别适用于高温、大载荷、强侵蚀环境下的宽频透波材料。反应烧结Si₃N<;sub>4多孔陶瓷在性能、工艺和成本方面优势显著，原料Si粉特性显著控制着其物相、显微结构、力学和介电性能。本文以不同粒径和纯度的Si粉为原料制备注凝成形、反应烧结Si₃N<;sub>4多孔陶瓷。结果表明，双粒径配料使素坯产生紧密堆积效应，其遗传并进一步演化出两级显微组织强韧化机制，双粒径配料5 & 45 μm时的弯曲强度和断裂功获得最大值109.94 MPa和990.74 J/m²。该值分别比单粒径配料5和45 μm时的值提高了111.42%、25.97%和46.55%、20.46%；介电常数和介电损耗分别约为4.20和0.007。注凝成形、反应烧结Si₃N<;sub>4多孔陶瓷可以兼顾力学性能和介电性能，适用于透波罩等异形、大尺寸构件。