RTK model and positioning performance analysis using Galileo four-frequency observations

This paper proposes a real-time kinematic (RTK) model that uses one common reference satellite for the Galileo system with four frequency observations. In the proposed model, the double-differenced (DD) pseudorange and carrier phase biases among the different frequencies are estimated as unknown parameters to recover the integer features of the DD ambiguities among the different frequencies for ambiguity resolution and precise positioning. Analysis results show that the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies have virtually the same performance in terms of the positioning accuracy, observation residuals, and ratio values of ambiguity resolution. However, the E1 frequency performs worse than the E5a, E5b, and E5 frequencies. The RTK results for the combination of multiple frequencies are much better than those for a single-frequency observation, the coordinates’ standard deviation is improved about 20–30%, and the ambiguity fix time is improved about 10%.     

面向下一代运载火箭的综合电子系统集成技术

介绍了面向下一代运载火箭分布式模块化电子系统(DIMA)的集成技术及系统架构。针对下一代运载火箭复杂电子系统的特点，按照系统集成的路线，对系统设计目标、系统功能需求分析、系统抽象机制、系统综合技术等多方面进行论述。首先，根据电气系统功能获得系统需求，采用功能抽象和层次抽象定义系统抽象模型，提取出高内聚低耦合的原子功能模块，并对模块的属性、交换关系、时序约束关系等进行定义；然后采用可视化表征方法对系统进行深入分析，利用系统综合技术实现了从系统功能到硬件资源的映射，从而给出了集成控制单元和模块的种类；随后采用分时分区的设计理念对系统节点分区划分方案及容错架构进行了定义，并对分区操作系统的调度模型和交换式的数据交互网络进行了论述，最终给出了系统软硬件架构。     

机载综合无线电平台的中频数据传输总线优选分析

在综合无线电平台中，根据硬件平台通用化要求，需要选择一种总线同时满足CNI 不同波形的中频 数据传输对延时、带宽和误码率的要求。本文针对不加协议的GTX 和加上高速串行通信协议的Aurora、SRIO 进行测试，得到这三种高速串行总线在延时、带宽和误码率的对比分析，从而选择一种总线作为多波形综合的 中频数据传输总线。     

Estimating inter-system biases for tightly combined Galileo/BDS/GPS RTK

The overlapping carrier frequencies L1/E1, L5/E5a and B2/E5b from GPS/Galileo/BDS allow inter-system double-differencing of observations, which shows a clear advantage over differencing of the observations of each constellation independently. However, the inter-system biases destroy the integer nature of the inter-system double-differencing ambiguities. Two methods of direct rounding and parameter estimation are used to determine the ISB value. By analyzing data collected from Curtin University from 2015 to 2018, the phase and code inter-system bias (ISB) are related to the receiver type, firmware version and the selected overlapping frequency. Upgrade of receiver firmware version results in changes of ISB values. For example, the upgrade of Javad firmware in Dec, 15, 2017 causes the difference of 0.5 cycles ISB between BDS GEO and non-GEO satellites. By comparing the three dynamic models which include white noise process, random walk process, and random constant in the parameter estimation method, the ISB determined by the random constant model is consistent with the value obtained by the direct rounding method. After the calibration of ISBs, the performances of tightly combined positioning are assessed. The success rate of ambiguity resolution and accuracy of positioning for the tight combination (TC) are significantly improved in comparison with that for the loose combination (LC) over short baselines. For L5/E5a, on which only few satellites can be observed, the maximum increase in success rates of ambiguity resolution can reach 31.7%, i.e., from 54.9% of LC to larger than 86.6% of TC, and the positioning accuracies can even be increased by 0.13 m, i.e., from 0.208 of LC to 0.074 m of TC in East direction for the mix-receiver TRIMBLE NETR9-SEPT POLARX4 in 2018.     

基于IMU/FADS/无线电的火星上升器组合导航方案

以火星采样返回任务中火星表面上升为背景，研究了基于惯性测量单元（Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU）、嵌入式大气数据传感系统（Flush Air Data Sensing System, FADS）和无线电信标的组合导航方法。首先，在传统的IMU导航框架中加入由无线电测量获得的相对距离、速度信息，以及由FADS获取的动压、温度数据，建立了基于IMU、无线电和FADS的导航观测模型；然后，基于无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter, UKF）技术对测量信息进行了融合，并压制了过程噪声和测量噪声，从而对上升器的状态进行了联合估计；最后，在数值仿真中，将UKF与自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波（Adaptive Unscented Kalman Filter, AUKF）技术进行了对比，在比较不同滤波器性能的同时，验证了组合导航方法的有效性。     

考虑星历误差的天文测角/时间延迟量测组合导航方法

基于太阳震荡的时间延迟是一种新型天文导航量测量，可以提供探测器相对反射天体的距离信息，与星光角距量测量结合，可以提高导航性能。然而，星光角距量测模型与时间延迟量测模型均含有火卫一相对火星的位置矢量，火卫一的星历误差将影响导航精度。针对这一问题，提出了一种基于在线估计的天文测角/时间延迟量测组合导航方法，建立了包含火卫一位置及速度的状态模型，利用星光角距及时间延迟量测量同时对火卫一的位置和速度进行在线估计，仿真结果表明，提出的方法可以有效抑制火卫一星历误差对组合导航精度的影响，为探测器提供高精度的自主导航信息。     

微分法在定位误差分析与计算中的应用

介绍了微分法分析计算定位误差的原理和适用范围,通过生产实例分析,证明了该方法在解决多误差因素定位误差分析与计算中的简便与快捷,从而有效简化了复杂定位方案定位误差的分析与计算,提高了夹具的设计效率。     

超高速机械密封副离子注入与摩擦学特性研究

超高速机械动密封需满足CZ-5运载火箭伺服系统中涡轮泵可靠性及寿命指标要求。离子注入作为重要的金属材料表面改性技术，对有效改善机械密封副旋转环表面摩擦磨损特性至关重要。在对密封动环表面离子注入可行性研究的基础上，提出了对其密封副配对摩擦磨损特性进行综合验证的试验方案。通过选取常用典型石墨与旋转金属环配副进行干磨条件下的试验测试，改变线速度、端面比压，使用摩擦磨损试验机对比分析了配对摩擦副的摩擦磨损特性，系统研究了载荷和转速对密封副配对摩擦系数的影响规律，揭示其密封摩擦学特性。通过机械密封在温度应力下的工作可靠性分析以及密封副整机稳态工作性能验证，为超高速涡轮泵的寿命与可靠性试验验证提供了一个合理的、高效费比的技术途径。     

Carrier phase prediction method for GNSS precise positioning in challenging environment

Since the signals of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) are blocked frequently in challenging environments, the discontinuous carrier phases seriously affect the application of GNSS precise positioning. To improve the carrier phase continuity, this paper proposes a carrier phase prediction method based on carrier open-loop tracking. In the open-loop tracking mode, the carrier numerically controlled oscillator (NCO) is controlled by the predicted Doppler, but not by the loop filter output. To improve the phase prediction effective time, accurate receiver clock drift estimation is studied in the prediction method. The phase prediction performance is tested on GNSS software receiver. In the phase prediction effective time tests, open-loop processes were set for the tested channel. The test results show that, when some satellite signals are blocked in 15?s, the probability of carrier phase error less than quarter cycles is more than 94%. In the real time kinematic (RTK) positioning tests, some satellite signals are blocked in 10–15?s repeatedly. The test results show that, the carrier phase continuity is basically not affected by the signal interruption, and the RTK can almost keep continuous centimeter-level positioning accuracy without re-fixing the integer ambiguity.     

基于层次分析法的综合射频架构选取技术研究

综合射频系统是作战飞机航空电子系统的重要组成部分，它们是作战飞机通过无线电方式感知外界信息的重要系统。系统架构的选取直接影响了飞机的作战性能，针对以往架构选取依赖大量定性分析而缺乏定量对比问题，提出了基于层次分析法的综合射频架构选取技术，该技术能够有效地根据不同的任务需求和平台需求，综合考虑定量和定性因素，给出更为合理对比分析结果，为综合射频系统的系统设计提供技术支撑。该技术也可推广到航空领域其他多目标决策问题的应用。