航天先进轻合金材料及成形技术研究综述

轻合金是现代航天装备轻量化首选材料,高性能轻合金构件制造能力决定了我国航天装备的功能水平与竞争力。为推动先进轻合金材料及成形技术在航天领域的应用,对高性能轻合金材料、铸造、钣金成形、增材制造等技术领域在基础理论、工艺开发、装备研制、工程应用等方面的发展现状进行了梳理,提出了高强耐热铸造镁合金材料、高性能钛铝合金材料、高性能镁合金熔模精密铸造、数字化铸造、旋压成形、超塑成形、钛/铝合金电弧熔丝增材制造等相关技术的后续发展方向。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

小半径弯管弯胀复合成形研究

为解决小半径弯管内侧起皱、外侧减薄的成形缺陷,提出了一种弯胀复合成形的方法。通过几何关系解析了初始弯曲半径和初始管坯直径与最终管径和最终弯曲半径之间的关系,确定了初始弯曲半径的取值范围。采用有限元与实验相结合的方式研究了不同初始弯曲半径对零件壁厚分布的影响,分析了胀形过程中零件弯曲处及直壁处的变形规律。最终发现:初始弯曲半径越大,零件的最终减薄越小,胀形过程中弯曲处内外侧发生均匀减薄,直壁处内侧减薄明显大于外侧减薄。     

材料加工技术在低碳经济中的应用及发展

介绍了低碳经济形势下的薄坯铸轧、精密成形加工、闪光焊、无模成形、内高压成形以及其他先进成形加工技术,并展望了先进材料加工技术的发展趋势.     

飞机框肋零件橡皮囊液压成形回弹研究综述

回弹是影响飞机框肋零件成形质量的主要因素之一,通过分析影响框肋零件回弹的主要因素,对框肋零件橡皮囊液压成形工艺的回弹预测及控制研究情况做了综述,并将预测方法归类为解析法、有限元法、人工神经网络法和试验法4种,最后总结分析了框肋零件橡皮囊成形零件回弹控制方法的发展方向.     

钛合金热成形和超塑成形金属平台材料选型和制备

介绍了钛合金热成形和超塑成形用金属平台的材料选型和制备工艺研究情况,研究认为,选择高温合金替代目前国外采用的耐热钢材料优势非常明显;钢铁研究总院自主开发的热成形金属平台制备工艺比国外相关技术更加先进,制备的K403高温合金热成形平台服役表现良好,具备了生产钦合金热成形和超塑成形金属平台的能力.     

模具约束条件对H96黄铜双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响

 双脊矩形管的绕弯成形受内外侧模具的共同约束,不同模具约束下管坯的受力不同,使得其截面变形情况也不相同,而截面变形严重地影响弯管件的成形质量和使用性能。因此,基于ABAQUS有限元平台建立了双脊矩形管E弯成形三维有限元模型,并通过实验验证了模型的可靠性。采用所建模型,研究了内外侧模具约束条件对双脊矩形管E弯截面变形的影响规律,发现当只有内腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽的内缩变形可得到较好的控制,而其他部位的变形则有增大的趋势;当只有外腹板脊槽受约束时,内腹板脊槽宽度变形基本不发生变化,而其他部位的变形则有减小的趋势;当内外腹板脊槽均受约束时,可较好地控制双脊矩形管E弯过程中的截面变形。芯头个数对整管截面高度、宽度、外腹板脊槽宽度与两脊槽底部的间距的变形影响较大,但对内腹板脊槽宽度的变形影响不显著。     

航天铝合金深腔零件整体成形预制坯优化设计

提出航天铝合金深腔零件整体成形方法,开展预制坯优化设计。对比分析直筒和变径筒两种预制筒坯结构变形规律,数值模拟研究了底部圆角对开口球形件液压成形的影响规律。以直径D=450 mm的球形整体零件为验证对象,进行底部圆角r=60 mm的变径筒形件的液压成形试验验证。结果表明:直筒坯液压成形时,赤道位置发生破裂;变径筒坯液压成形时,当胀形压力为16 MPa即发生贴模;液压成形时,筒端口自适应补料,所以上半球的壁厚分布均匀;随着底部圆角越大,筒底部减薄越小,筒壁厚越均匀;当底部圆角为r=60 mm时,开口球壳赤道位置壁厚减薄最严重,减薄率为11.1%,球底部减薄率为9.8%,开口球壳上半球壁厚差为0.17 mm,下半球壁厚差为0.43 mm。     

Plastic wrinkling prediction in thin-walled part forming process:A review

The precision forming of thin-walled components has been urgently needed in aviation and aerospace field. However, the wrinkling induced by the compressive instability is one of the major defects in thin-walled part forming. The initiation and growth of the wrinkles are interac-tively affected by many factors such as stress states, mechanical properties of the material, geometry of the workpiece and boundary conditions. Especially when the forming process involves compli-cated boundary conditions such as multi-dies constrains, the perturbation of clearances between workpiece and dies and the contact conditions changing in time and space, etc., the predication of the wrinkling is further complicated. In this paper, the current prediction methods were summa-rized including the static equilibrium method, the energy method, the initial imperfection method, the eigenvalue buckling analysis method, the static-implicit finite element method and the dynamic-explicit finite element method. Then, a systematical comparison and summary of these methods in terms of their advantages and limitations are presented. By using a combination of explicit FE method, initial imperfection and energy conservation, a hybrid method is recommended to predict plastic wrinkling in thin-walled part forming. Finally, considering the urgent requirements of com-plex thin-walled structures’ part in aviation and aerospace field, the trends and challenges in wrin-kling prediction under complicated boundary conditions are presented.     

复杂构件RTM整体成型工艺设计与仿真研究

以飞机预冷气引起口为典型构件,对其成型工艺进行探索,选择RTM成型工艺并应用PAM-RTM软件对RTM成型工艺影响参数进行虚拟仿真,确定模具设计的最终参数值.