月面特征稀疏环境下的视觉惯性SLAM方法

月球车在执行科学探测任务过程中，其自身的高精度定位是一项亟需解决的关键问题。针对在特征稀疏的月面环境下的定位问题，提出一种视觉惯性融合的SLAM方法，将视觉测量与惯性传感器的信息利用位姿图优化方法融合，实现高精度的联合定位。针对特征稀疏环境下的前端视觉数据关联误差较大的问题，提出了一种基于四元树的光流跟踪算法，能够有效地跟踪鲁棒的特征点，提升了关键帧之间相对位姿估计的准确性。并且针对月面环境特有的恒星无穷远点干扰问题，提出一种高效的恒星点剔除算法，能够有效改善无穷远点导致的定位精度下降的问题。搭建了一套模拟月面环境的计算机仿真系统，并构建了多个月面环境视觉惯性SLAM仿真数据集，在不同的模拟月面场景下进行定位性能仿真验证，仿真测试结果表明本文算法的鲁棒性更强，具有更高的定位准确度。     

基于CFD高精度算法的雷电电磁场研究

雷电空间电磁场一直是电磁领域研究的热门，成熟的算法例如有限时域差分法（FDTD），传输线矩阵法（TLM）以及频域的矩量法（MoM）在计算雷电问题方面都有广泛的应用。由于计算流体力学（CFD）中的Euler方程与电磁学中的Maxwell方程有着相同的守恒形式，而且采用间断伽辽金方法（DG）已经在流场问题上得到广泛的尝试，因此引入了基于计算流体力学的DG方法来离散时域Maxwell方程，并采用网格分区并行技术加速计算，使用基于DG的圆球雷达散射截面积（RCS）算例进行测试，数值结果一致表明DG算法在求解电磁场问题上的可行性，之后通过计算一段近场雷电通道的电场分布并与解析解、某算法仿真解对比，数据基本吻合，说明该方法适合于雷电电磁场的计算。     

FlowStar:国家数值风洞(NNW)工程非结构通用CFD软件

计算流体力学（CFD）仿真软件是流体相关的数学物理知识和工程实践经验的数字化表达，是工业数字化转型的重要助推。然而，大型工业CFD软件研发难度极高，需要同时兼顾功能多样、系统稳定、性能优越、交互友好等特征。依托国家数值风洞（NNW）工程，研发出一款通用流场模拟软件NNW-FlowStar，并在航空、航天等工业部门大力推广使用。软件基于非结构有限体积求解方法和大规模并行计算技术开发，结合现代化软件工程思维设计，具备先进的数值方法、高效的计算效率和友好的用户操作界面，可满足各类复杂外形的高效气动模拟。独特的重叠网格技术配合六自由度运动模块，可帮助实现武器分离、舱门定轴转动等各类气动-运动协同仿真需求。多类标模案例和复杂工程应用表明，FlowStar软件算法鲁棒、精度可靠，是一款高精度、高效率、高可靠性的通用CFD仿真软件。通过对软件的架构设计和功能应用进行介绍，使相关从业人员能更好地了解FlowStar软件，最终促进国产自主CFD软件生态的良性发展。     

A tip clearance prediction model for multistage rotors and stators in aero-engines

Tip clearances of multistage rotors and stators greatly affect aero-engines’ aerodynamic efficiency, stability and safety. The inevitable machining and assembly errors, as well as the complicated error propagation mechanism, cause overproof or non-uniform tip clearances. However, it is generally accepted that tip clearances are difficult to predict, even under assembly state. In this paper, a tip clearance prediction model is proposed based on measured error data. Some 3D error propagation sub-models, regarding rotors, supports and casings, are built and combined. The complex error coupling relationship is uncovered using mathematical methods. Rotor and stator tip clearances are predicted and analyzed in different phase angles. The maximum, minimum and average tip clearances can be calculated. The proposed model is implemented by a computer program, and a case study illustrates its performance and verifies its feasibility. The results can be referred by engineers in assembly quality judgement and decision-making.     

转子叶片加工误差对1.5级跨声速压气机气动性能的影响

压气机叶片加工误差不可避免，将在一定程度上影响压气机的气动性能。为研究叶片加工误差对跨声速压气机气动性能的影响，以燃气轮机进口1.5级跨声速压气机为对象，通过三坐标测量跨声速转子叶片叶型数据，获得了加工误差分布特征；针对实测转子叶片，采用三维CFD数值模拟方法，研究了轮廓度、位置度和扭转角综合误差对压气机转子和级特性线和流场参数的影响；针对转子叶型以轮廓度超差为主的特点，采用S2流面通流计算方法，在设计流量点研究了由轮廓度误差引起的转子叶型最大厚度变化对压气机转子和级性能的影响。结果表明，转子叶片加工误差对压气机堵塞流量、全流量范围内转子和级的压比和效率均有影响，同时改变转静子叶片排出口气流参数的径向分布规律，主要原因为激波位置和强度的变化；在设计流量点，转子和级的压比和效率的变化与最大厚度变化呈负相关趋势，厚度偏差越大性能变化幅度越大；对转子叶片，来流相对马赫数随叶片高度增加而增大，性能对叶型几何误差的敏感性增强，综合压比和效率的变化，中上部叶高范围的轮廓度公差要求应更严格。     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

一种中心型间断有限元MMALE方法

针对多介质可压缩流体动力学问题,提出了一种单元中心型二维MMALE(Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian)方法。在拉氏步,流体力学方程组采用中心型间断有限元方法求解。对于混合网格,采用Tipton压力松弛模型更新物理量,用等参坐标法更新物质中心点坐标。界面重构采用一种健壮的MOF(Moment of Fluid)方法。在重映步提出了基于多边形相交的二阶积分守恒重映方法。该方法分为四个部分:多项式重构、多边形相交、积分和后验校正。多边形相交使用"剪裁投影"算法,显著降低了多边形相交算法的复杂度。后验校正是基于MOOD (Multi-dimensional Optimal Order Detection)限制策略,并做了一些改动以适应多介质的计算。数值算例表明,该方法具有二阶的精度和较好的鲁棒性。     

基于损伤权重的混合多钉连接件疲劳寿命预测方法

复合材料与金属材料混合多钉连接形式是当代飞机结构中最常见的连接形式，因此对于混合多钉连接件疲劳性能的研究有助于提高对飞机结构疲劳损伤的认知。针对以Ti-6Al-4V钛合金为螺栓的ZT7H/QY9611碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料连接板与30CrMnSiNi2A金属连接板混合多钉连接结构进行数值分析和试验研究。利用有限元方法，分别对复合材料和紧固件进行疲劳损伤预测，估算复合材料连接板上螺栓孔附近的损伤，依据复合材料和紧固件的损伤量所占权重，提出了以紧固件分布和复合材料连接板铺层层数为参数的经验公式，进而有效提高混合多钉连接结构疲劳寿命的预测精度。利用试验结果将螺栓孔损伤形式进行分类讨论，探索混合多钉连接件的损伤演化方式；利用C扫描技术得到复合材料分层损伤结果，与模拟结果进行对比分析，进一步解释了模型的合理性。与试验结果对比可以看到，考虑损伤权重的寿命预测值与试验值的对数误差仅为1.1%，相对于不考虑损伤权重方法的8.4%的对数误差，该模型寿命预测精度显著提高。