动力涡轮转子结构系统力学特性稳健设计方法

航空涡轴/涡桨发动机动力涡轮转子是典型多支点支承、具有连接界面、质量/刚度分布不均匀的高速柔性转子系统，其连接结构力学特性和支承刚度的分散性可导致转子系统动力特性恶化。针对典型动力涡轮转子结构系统，指出不可恢复滑移、疲劳、摩擦等连接界面接触损伤是连接结构力学特性产生分散性的内在原因，提出了接触状态系数、接触应力、不可恢复变形能和接触摩擦功等工程适用的定量评估参数。通过对多支点柔性转子-支承系统临界转速分布及其对各支点支承刚度敏感度的影响规律分析，提出了基于支承刚度低敏感区择优的动力特性稳健设计方法，所提方法提高了转子结构系统的稳健性。      

Ti6242合金微观组织差异及其演变对拉伸和疲劳性能影响

典型近α型钛合金Ti6242合金制备盘锻件的综合力学性能与其棒材原始微观组织特征密切相关。本研究选取具有明显微观组织特征差别的3种Ti6242钛合金棒材为研究对象,定量化评估不同Ti6242钛合金棒材锻造态、固溶态和固溶+时效态的微观组织差别和演变规律,并讨论棒材微观组织差别和演变对综合力学性能的影响。研究结果显示具有明显差别的不同棒材微观组织在经历相同的固溶和时效处理后,其初生α相体积分数差别趋于相近,而初生α相的尺寸分布和形状分布等微观组织特征仍保留差别;力学性能结果显示室温拉伸力学性能趋于近似,而低周疲劳和保载疲劳力学性能对微观组织特征较为敏感。对比不同特征组织和力学性能分析结果,具有细小非等轴状且没有明显取向集中分布初生α相的棒材原始组织有助于获得更好的疲劳性能。     

燃气轮机周向拉杆转子连接刚度对转子振动特性影响的研究

为研究燃气轮机周向分布式拉杆转子轮盘间存在的连接刚度对轴系转子振动特性产生的影响，本文提出一种基于六自由度的弹簧单元等效方法；首先将轮盘接触刚度与拉杆弯曲刚度同时等效进连接界面，便于使用一维梁单元求解其临界转速与振动响应变化，验证其与全三维有限元法吻合度在3％以内；然后改写了非线性动力学方程，采用谐波平衡法对其进行求解，使用经典Newmark方法验证其准确性；最后使用该等效方法计算了某模拟转子连接刚度对其临界转速、响应特性、非线性特性等的影响。计算结果表明：当连接面剪切刚度与弯曲刚度减小3个数量级，均造成了临界转速的降低和振动响应的提高，而其影响程度可由各阶振型大致推测，且响应幅值受剪切刚度影响较大；使用临界转速趋于收敛时的连接刚度与试验值的对比误差小于2％，较连续模型提升显著；在连接刚度各向异性时，每一阶临界转速均出现两个响应峰值，轴心轨迹变成椭圆；考虑刚度随位移变化（非线性刚度）后，转子的响应峰值发生“歪扭”特性，且该峰值特征随不平衡量、无量纲阻尼等因素变化而呈现“波浪形”变化。     

空间站燃烧科学实验系统设计

建立空间站燃烧实验系统，可满足未来空间微重力燃烧实验系统需求.通过空间站微重力燃烧实验研究，可拓展空间燃烧学研究.根据所要实现的功能及燃烧实验需求，对中国空间站燃烧柜的燃烧科学实验系统进行了设计和分析.燃烧科学实验系统由8个子系统组成，是一个适合开展气、液、固多种燃料燃烧实验的综合性实验系统.考虑到强度设计要求，在完成方案设计后，对系统进行了有限元分析，并在研制的结构件上进行了力学环境实验.实验与分析结果表明，本文设计的实验系统能够满足环模实验的要求，结构合理可行.      

航空航天制造机器人高精度作业装备与技术综述

新一代航空航天产品的研制与批产对制造精度与加工质量提出了更高的新要求。以机器人为核心的智能制造技术与装备是解决该难题的有效途径。然而,工业机器人较低的定位精度与弱刚性结构属性严重制约了其在航空航天部件高精度加工作业中的推广应用。本文在阐述国内外机器人装备在航空航天制造业的应用现状的基础上,重点介绍了机器人作业刚度强化策略与定位误差精确补偿方法的研究现状,并分析了现有高精度控制方法存在的问题及技术难点。最后探讨了机器人作业装备在航空航天制造领域的技术发展趋势,为面向航空航天产品的机器人高精度制造技术的研究提供参考与借鉴。     

压电阻抗技术监测固体推进剂老化研究

为了进一步研究表面粘贴式的主动传感技术——压电阻抗技术(EMI, Electro-Mechanical Impedance)监测固体推进剂的老化,构建了基于线粘弹杆结构的一维机电耦合模型,根据粘弹性波的理论与边界条件进行分析,建立一种线粘弹结构动态模量与其机械阻抗的表征关系,并对构建的机电耦合阻抗模型进行了数值计算及试验验证。针对HTPB固体推进剂开展高温热加速老化试验及压电主动激励试验,根据监测所得导纳频谱并通过提取结构机械阻抗进行分析,结果表明:压电陶瓷片与推进剂结构在高频机电耦合运动时(300kHz,280kHz)有明显的共振现象,结构固有频率高于机电耦合共振频率,并且在200kHz～400kHz频段与700kHz～900kHz频段内,结构机械阻抗频谱峰值会因固体推进剂的热老化时间增长而降低,且与热老化时间之间满足线性关系。由此可见,压电阻抗法能够与固体推进剂在力学性能上建立表征关系,通过得到固体推进剂结构机械阻抗能够监测其老化损伤。     

作动器输出机构刚度优化设计与仿真分析

作动器输出机构的变形可以看作是输出轴体扭转变形与摇臂变截面悬臂梁变形的综合。从材料力学的角度出发,详细推导了作动器输出机构机械刚度的理论计算方法,并以此理论为依据对作动器输出机构的结构进行优化设计。通过仿真对比确定优化设计的正确性,为工程应用提供了有力的理论支撑。     

Microstructure,porosity and mechanical properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

Finite element modeling (FEM), microscopy, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and mechanical property tests were used to study the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The simulation of the melt pool and thermal history under different energy densities produced an optimized result with an energy density of 44.5 J·mm⁻³. The high cooling rate during the SLM process significantly refined the previous α-Al dendrites. The growth direction of the network-like Al-Si eutectic structure at different orientations confirmed the anisotropic nature of the microstructure. Furthermore, the microhardness, tensile testing and fracture analysis results proved that there were no obvious distinctions in the strength between the transverse and longitudinal directions, and that the ductility was anisotropic, possibly due to the shape and distribution of the pores. The pores measured by X-ray CT at different energy densities confirmed that the sphericity of the pores was inversely related to pores volumes. With optimized processing conditions, the porosity of the selective laser melted sample decreased leading to the improved fabricated fuel system component via SLM.     

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.