水下高速射流气泡变化过程数值研究

为研究水下高速射流气泡变化规律,采用VOF(Volume of Fluids)模型分别对水下等温高速气体射流和热高速气体射流动态流场进行了气水耦合数值求解。其中热射流考虑了汽化因素对气泡内气流场的影响,数值模拟了气泡的形成、发展、断裂及融合过程,揭示了气泡中压力和马赫数等参数的变化规律,得出了水下点火初期的流场特征。研究发现:在相同入口压力下,热射流产生气泡的空间尺度比等温射流产生的气泡空间尺度要小;气泡发展过程中会出现颈缩,也可能断裂,断裂与否取决于气泡颈缩处内外压差,气泡的颈缩与断裂是产生压力脉动的重要因素,并决定了压力峰的位置和大小,气泡断裂位置越靠近喷管出口,压力峰值越大,该压力峰值会影响火箭发动机尾流场特性。     

热障涂层中TGO的生长行为

采用等离子喷涂法在高温合金IC10上先后沉积粘结层为NiCrAlYSi,陶瓷层为Sc2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2的样品。样品在热循环炉中1100°恒温氧化,观察样品不同氧化时间的断面形貌,并绘制了样品的增重曲线,以此分析高温时TGO的生长过程。     

同温层气球平台反向定位系统的研究

反向定位系统是针对驻留型同温层气球平台的一种新型定位系统，该系统的基本原理是由接收站的位置计算得出发射机的位置。文章采用卡尔曼滤波的方法，建立了反向定位系统的模型，给出其滤波算法；鉴于地面接收站的位置选择对该系统的定位精度有较大的影响，给出地面站选址依据，并通过计算、仿真获得一组较为理想的布站方式。此外，钟差是系统的一个主要误差源，文中对其引起的定位误差进行了分析，并给出估算的方法；对系统中的传播误差、设备误差也进行了分析。最后，对系统建立了仿真模型进行仿真。结果表明，该定位系统具有较好的定位精度。     

High-temperature oxidation behavior and analysis of impedance spectroscopy of 7YSZ thermal barrier coating prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition

Quasi-columnar structure 7YSZ(yttria stabilized zirconia) thermal barrier coatings(TBCs) are prepared by plasma spray-physical vapor deposition(PS-PVD) onto pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating, respectively. An isothermal oxidation experiment of 7YSZ TBCs is carried out in the atmosphere of 950 °C in order to simulate the high-temperature oxidation process of engine blades. The isothermal oxidation process of 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings is investigated systematically by impedance spectroscopy. The electrochemical physical model and equivalent circuit of columnar 7YSZ coatings are established. Results show that the isothermal oxidation kinetic curve of columnar 7YSZ thermal barrier coatings appears to follow the parabolic law. A pretreatment of bond coating can reduce the growth rate of the thermally grown oxide(TGO) layer, restraining the initiation and propagation of microcracks between YSZ and TGO layers. The oxidation rate constants of 7YSZ coatings with pretreated and un-pretreated bond coating are 0.101×10~(-12) cm~2·s~(-1) and 0.115 × 10~(-13) cm~2 ·s~(-1), respectively. Impedance analysis shows that the content of oxygen vacancies decreases and the density increases after the TGO layer is oxidized for 150 h. In addition, shrinkage microcracks formed by sintering during the oxidation process is the main reason for an increase of the capacitance and a decrease of the resistance in the grain boundary of YSZ.     

时效处理对高强耐热镁合金等温模锻件组织与性能的影响

采用锻后直接时效处理的方法研究了时效处理工艺对高强耐热镁合金等温模锻件的组织与性能的影响,分析了其时效强化过程中第二相的形成及时效处理制度相关的断裂行为,得出了其时效强化的内在机理及优化的锻后时效制度.研究表明优化的时效处理制度为200℃×63 h.在该时效制度下,材料的室温抗拉强度达到了371MPa,屈服强度达到243 MPa,伸长率达4.1％     

Self-similar flow of a rotating dusty gas behind the shock wave with increasing energy, conduction and radiation heat flux

A self-similar solution is obtained for one dimensional adiabatic flow behind a cylindrical shock wave propagating in a rotating dusty gas in presence of heat conduction and radiation heat flux with increasing energy. The dusty gas is assumed to be a mixture of non-ideal (or perfect) gas and small solid particles, in which solid particles are continuously distributed. It is assumed that the equilibrium flow-condition is maintained and variable energy input is continuously supplied by the piston (or inner expanding surface). The heat conduction is expressed in terms of Fourier’s law and the radiation is considered to be of the diffusion type for an optically thick grey gas model. The thermal conductivity K and the absorption coefficient α_R are assumed to vary with temperature only. In order to obtain the similarity solutions the initial density of the ambient medium is assumed to be constant and the angular velocity of the ambient medium is assumed to be decreasing as the distance from the axis increases. The effects of the variation of the heat transfer parameters and non-idealness of the gas in the mixture are investigated. The effects of an increase in (i) the mass concentration of solid particles in the mixture and (ii) the ratio of the density of solid particles to the initial density of the gas on the flow variables are also investigated.     

TC4叶栅环等温成形规律研究

针对高肋、薄壁钛合金叶栅环的结构特点,借助三维有限元模拟方法,分析了等温成形中始锻温度、下压速度和摩擦因子对叶栅环成形质量的影响规律。选取优化后的工艺参数进行物理实验研究,结果表明,始锻温度为920℃,下压速度为0.5 mm/s,摩擦系数为0.1时的工艺条件下,可以得到满足质量要求的等温锻件。     

高强耐热镁合金陀螺仪支架精密锻造工艺

采用数值模拟的方法研究了高强耐热镁合金陀螺仪支架的等温锻造过程,分析了坯料形状、锻造方案对构件成形过程中金属流动行为的影响,根据模拟的结果制定了相应的成形方案,并成功锻造出了高强耐热镁合金陀螺仪支架锻件.对该锻件进行了时效热处理工艺研究,得出优化的时效处理制度为200℃ ×63 h.在该时效制度下,材料的室温抗拉强度达到了371MPa,屈服强度达到243MPa,伸长率达4.1％     

Unequal-thickness billet optimization in transitional region during isothermal local loading forming of Ti-alloy rib-web component using response surface method

Avoiding the folding defect and improving the die filling capability in the transitional region are desired in isothermal local loading forming of a large-scale Ti-alloy rib-web component (LTRC). To achieve a high-precision LTRC, the folding evolution and die filling process in the transitional region were investigated by 3D finite element simulation and experiment using an equal-thickness billet (ETB). It is found that the initial volume distribution in the second-loading region can greatly affect the amount of material transferred into the first-loading region during the second-loading step, and thus lead to the folding defect. Besides, an improper initial volume distribution results in non-concurrent die filling in the cavities of ribs after the second-loading step, and then causes die underfilling. To this end, an unequal-thickness billet (UTB) was employed with the initial volume distribution optimized by the response surface method (RSM). For a certain eigenstructure, the critical value of the percentage of transferred material determined by the ETB was taken as a constraint condition for avoiding the folding defect in the UTB optimization process, and the die underfilling rate was considered as the optimization objective. Then, based on the RSM models of the percentage of transferred material and the die underfilling rate, non-folding parameter combinations and optimum die filling were achieved. Lastly, an optimized UTB was obtained and verified by the simulation and experiment.     

MB26 镁合金复杂结构件等温模锻过程的数值模拟与缺陷控制

采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件对MB26镁合金复杂结构件等温模锻工艺过程进行了数值模拟,直观地反映了锻件成形过程中的应力分布、金属流动趋势以及成形效果,分析了折叠、流线不顺等缺陷产生的原因.通过数值分析得出了合理的坯料形状、模具形式及成形工艺参数,消除了成形中可能出现的缺陷.