带攻角约束的高超声速飞行器自适应反步控制器设计

针对带攻角(AOA)约束的高超声速飞行器控制问题，提出一种基于非对称时变障碍函数的非线性自适应反步控制方法。首先，将飞行器模型化为严反馈形式，以反步法为基础进行控制器设计。然后通过光滑饱和函数对名义攻角指令信号进行限幅，并保证限幅信号的可导性，限幅产生的误差通过设计辅助系统进行补偿。进而使用障碍函数对攻角指令跟踪误差进行非对称时变约束。针对不确定性和干扰，设计新型自适应律对集中干扰上界进行估计并补偿。最终通过Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统状态量一致最终有界并且攻角始终满足时变约束。仿真结果表明，本文方法能够在满足攻角约束基础上保证良好跟踪性能。     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

螺旋桨滑流对发动机进气道气动性能的影响

针对螺旋桨/短舱/进气道一体化构型,采用多重参考系(MRF)法和滑移网格非定常法进行了数值模拟研究,实现了螺旋桨/短舱/进气道一体化内外流耦合流场仿真,研究了不同工况下螺旋桨滑流对进气道气动性能的影响,并与无桨构型的进气道性能进行了对比,最后通过数值分析解释了螺旋桨桨盘后总压上升的原因。结果表明:多重参考系法和滑移网格非定常法对进气道出口的时均参数的计算结果吻合较好,多重参考系法可用于螺旋桨及进气道的气动性能参数计算;螺旋桨做功使进气道总压恢复系数增高,螺旋桨转速越大,总压恢复系数的增量就越大,且螺旋桨滑流使进气道出口畸变指数明显增大;通过数值分析推导的桨盘前后总压关系公式与仿真结果的误差均在3%以内。      

逆向进气复合角发散冷却孔流量系数试验

针对回流燃烧室外环壁面冷气与燃气流动方向相反的情况,试验研究了发散孔进气方向与环腔通道气流流动方向相反的条件下,复合角发散冷却孔流量系数随发散孔倾角(25°~55°)、偏角(90°~180°)及压降系数等参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:复合角发散孔的流量系数随倾角的增大而增大,随偏角的增大而减小；随着压降系数的增大,复合角发散孔的流量系数先呈近似线性增长,当压降系数大于0.95后,呈非线性增长且增长速度减缓。      

双模块下颌式内转进气道/圆锥前体一体化布局研究

为实现三维内转进气道的内收缩流场与圆锥前体的外压缩流场的良好匹配，提出了一种双模块下颌式内转进气道/圆锥前体(Double-modules Chin Inward-turning Inlet and Conical Forebody，DCII/CF)一体化设计方法，获得一种新颖的双发并置、侧向安装的DCII/CF一体化布局。针对该布局形式，开展了DCII/CF一体化构型与传统的单模块内转进气道/圆锥前体(Single-module Inward-turning Inlet and Conical Forebody，SII/CF)一体化构型的数值对比研究。结果表明：DCII/CF一体化布局不仅为内转进气道提供了优秀的前体附面层排移效果，还有效避免了传统SII/CF布局中前体附面层与进气道内部流场之间的相互干扰。在Ma∞=6.0设计状态，DCII/CF一体化布局的进气道总压恢复系数相较传统的SII/CF布局有了显著提高，从0.403提高至0.482；但由于前体附面层的排移，该布局的捕获流量略有降低， SII/CF的流量系数为0.956，该布局则为0.917。而在非设计状态，该布局形式同样具备较好的总压恢复性能，在Ma∞=5.0与Ma∞=4.0的总压恢复系数分别达到了0.586和0.682，明显高于SII/CF的总压恢复系数0.507和0.619。     

场协同原理在高超声速化学非平衡流动中的推广

应用理论分析与数值模拟方法，将对流传热的场协同原理从不可压缩流动推广至高超声速化学非平衡流动中。结果表明，高超声速化学非平衡层流与湍流的热流密度取决于流动的当地单位体积的动量与单位质量总焓梯度的协同。用当地单位体积的动量与单位质量总焓梯度的协同研究高超声速化学非平衡流动的壁面传热问题，对层流流动下的对流传热，不但计及了高超声速化学非平衡流的密度变化对热流密度的影响，而且包括了静焓梯度、压力梯度、边界层内的分子黏性剪切效应对热流密度的作用；对湍流问题，除了上述层流流动各项对热流密度的影响外，还计及了雷诺剪切应力对热流密度的作用。考虑到高超声速化学非平衡流静焓的定义，高超声速化学非平衡层流及湍流的场协同同时计及所有组分的平动能、转动能、振动能及电子能等梯度的贡献。     

拦截高速目标的比例与反比例导引捕获区分析

针对拦截高速目标的作战特点，分析了比例导引(PN)与反比例导引(RPN)的捕获区。首先，通过分析拦截弹与目标的相对运动关系，推导得到了顺轨和逆轨的零控拦截条件，此条件由目标和拦截弹的速度前置角以及二者速度比确定；其次，以拦截弹和目标速度前置角为坐标系，推导得到了PN以及RPN捕获区以及各自导航比设置范围。PN的捕获区由逆轨零控拦截条件以及与其相切且斜率为1/(N-1)的两条直线构成，RPN的捕获区由顺轨零控拦截条件以及与其相切且斜率为1/(-N-1)的两条直线构成；然后，利用函数对称性将PN与RPN捕获区转换到同一坐标区间，得到了相同条件下RPN捕获区要大于PN捕获区的结论；最后，开展了四种情形下的仿真，验证了本文捕获区分析的合理性及有效性。     

Numerical analysis of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment for an entry configuration in ionized flow

A theoretical methodology for thermochemical non-equilibrium flow combing with the HLLC (Harten-Lax-van Leer Contact) scheme was applied to study the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of an entry configuration in ionized flow. A two-temperature controlling model was utilized and the Gupta’s 11 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N, NO⁺, N₂⁺, O₂⁺, N⁺, O⁺, e^?) thermochemical non-equilibrium model was taken. Firstly, numerical calculations of hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environments for different aerodynamic shapes were carried out to verify the reliability of the method above. Then, the method was used to research the effects of ionization and wall catalysis on the hypersonic thermochemical non-equilibrium environment of the entry configuration in ionized flow. The shock stand-off distance can be reduced by thermochemical reactions but doesn’t continue to decrease significantly when ionization occurs. The shock stand-off distance calculated by the 11 species model is 4.2% smaller than that calculated by the 5 species (N₂, O₂, NO, O, N) thermochemical non-equilibrium model without considering ionization. Ionization reduces wall heat flux but increases wall pressure a little. The effect of ionization on aerothermal loads is greater than that of aerodynamic loads. The thermochemical reactions of electrons and ions catalyzed at the wall increase wall heat flux significantly but make a small change in wall pressure. The maximum wall heat flux obtained by only considering the electrons and ions catalyzed at the partially catalytic wall condition is 11.8% less than that calculated at the super-catalytic wall condition.     

轴流压气机插板式进气畸变数值仿真

以航空发动机稳定性评价体系中常用的插板实验为背景,分别进行低速、高亚声速、跨声速轴流压气机与插板畸变发生器的耦合数值仿真,研究插板畸变条件下压气机的流场特性以及不同类型压气机在插板畸变影响下的失速起始机制。研究发现:转子进口截面的周向流动是影响低速压气机稳定边界的主要因素；插板角涡对转子叶顶泄漏涡的扰动是影响高亚声速压气机稳定边界的重要原因；畸变气流影响下的叶片通道内激波强度和位置的变化是影响跨声速压气机稳定边界的关键因素。      

带轴对称台阶的圆锥高超声速边界层转捩试验

在Ma 6风洞内，通过高频脉动压力测试技术和基于纳米粒子示踪的平面激光散射(NPLS)技术，分别对带前向、后向轴对称台阶的圆锥高超声速边界层转捩进行了试验研究。采用功率谱密度分析和互相关计算等方法对脉动压力数据进行分析，得到了边界层中扰动波的发展规律，定量分析了第二模态波的相关参数。结果显示：两种模型中第二模态波在沿流向向下游发展的过程中，其幅值均先增大再衰减、特征频率均逐渐减小；特征频率和传播速度整体上均随雷诺数的增大而增加(后台阶模型中特征频率由100 kHz增至196 kHz，前台阶中则由 97 kHz 增至174 kHz)、波长变化规律则与之相反(后台阶中由6.35 mm降至4.54 mm，前台阶由7.35 mm降至 4.66 mm )；后台阶模型中第二模态波初次出现位置比前台阶中更靠近上游，边界层转捩位置较前台阶前移。将NPLS结果与高频脉动压力测试结果进行对比，两者吻合较好。