A comprehensive study of the 2016 Mw 6.0 Italy earthquake based on high-rate (10 Hz) GPS data

The 2016 M_w 6.0 Italy earthquake is successfully recorded by the near-field 10?Hz GPS and 200?Hz Strong Motion (SM) stations, providing valuable data for this study. A comprehensive study of this earthquake is carried out based on GPS data, which contains coseismic deformations analysis, noise analysis, seismic wave picking, and magnitude determination. The noise of most GPS-derived displacement waveforms can be described as a combination of white noise, flicker noise, and random walk noise after the earthquake occurrence, and the spectral indices vary significantly for most stations, implying that the seismic signals have affected the noise characteristic of GPS-derived displacement waveforms. S-transform is employed to assess the GPS capability to detect the seismic arrival time. The SM station AMT and the GPS station AMAT are in good agreement in seismic wave picking, and the difference is only 1.2?s in the north component, suggesting that the outcome of seismic wave picking using GPS data is reliable. Then, a classic empirical formula is employed to determine the moment magnitude. A robust moment magnitude (Mw 5.90) can be estimated by the nine GPS stations with about 23.9?s. If four GPS stations near the epicenter is chosen to determine the magnitude, it only take 13.0?s to retrieve a reliable preliminary (Mw 5.82) magnitude, which is 5.4?s ahead of nine stations. In addition, Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) is adopted to measuring the correlation and phase relationship between GPS and SM records. The result of XWT analysis indicates 10?Hz GPS is capable of capturing reliable and accurate coseismic dynamic deformations, as evidenced by the XWT-based semblance being close to 1 between GPS and SM records. The above results confirm the capability of 10?Hz GPS to capture coseismic dynamic deformations, detect seismic arrival time, and determine earthquake magnitude. Moreover, rapid magnitude determination based on 10?Hz GPS data can be regarded as an important supplement to Earthquake Early Warning (EEW).     

风扇进口噪声预测模型的改进

针对Heidmann模型对风扇进口低频噪声(1k Hz)预测结果偏低的情况,通过引入风扇叶尖弦长雷诺数和相关几何参数改进了Heidmann模型中风扇进口宽频噪声的频谱修正函数,确定了其中频谱修正系数为0.085。对比改进模型和Heidmann模型的风扇进口噪声预测结果发现:在亚声速工况下,改进的模型很好地改善了风扇进口低频噪声的预测结果,改进幅值可以达到约45d B;而在超声速工况下,由于风扇进口产生的组合单音噪声成为风扇进口噪声的主要组成部分,除了在小于100Hz的频域内,改进的模型与Heidmann模型的预测结果差别不大。     

航空／海洋重力仪用加速度计现状与优化方法

采用石英挠性加速度计作为重力敏感器的航空/海洋重力仪是典型的重力信息采集仪器,要求石英挠性加速度计具有一次通电稳定性高、高分辨率、低噪声的特点。为了满足航空/海洋重力仪需求,首先,分析了石英挠性加速度计一次通电稳定性机理,确定了关键影响因素,并给出了优化方向;其次,建立了加速度计分辨率模型,给出了测试方法和后续优化方向;最后,通过试验确定了噪声水平,根据关键影响因素给出了优化方向。通过上述研究的开展,为石英挠性加速度计在重力测量领域中的应用奠定了基础。     

一种新型多普勒噪声抑制技术对BepiColombo任务无线电科学实验的性能提升

在欧洲空间局和日本宇宙开发机构联合开展的BepiColombo水星任务中，将开展水星轨道器无线电科学实验，包括估计水星的引力场及其旋转状态，并对广义相对论进行验证。目前地面系统和星上设备的主流配置可以在无线电科学实验中建立X/X、X/Ka和Ka/Ka多个频段的链路，测速精度可达3 um/s（1 000 s积分），测距精度为20 cm。提出了基于时延机械噪声对消技术提高无线电科学实验性能的方案。时延机械噪声对消技术需要处理在两个测站不同时刻的测量数据，一个测站实施双向多普勒测距，对另一个单收测站的要求较为严格，该测站需要具有较好的对流层条件。这种方法能够显著降低Ka频段双向链路的主要测量噪声，包括由对流层和天线机械系统震动引起的噪声。我们给出了端到端的仿真性能，并估计了在使用时延机械噪声对消技术前提下的水星引力场和旋转状态。考虑使用NASA位于美国本土戈尔德斯敦的DSS-25天线或欧空局位于阿根廷马拉圭的DSA-3天线作为双程测量站，并考虑使用位于智力的APEX天文观测天线作为单收站。分析结果表明在最好的噪声条件下，使用DSA-3天线作为双程测量站时，时延机械噪声对消技术可将待估计的全局和局部参数的估计精度提升一倍。对于无线电科学实验的目标，这一可能的性能提升对行星地质物理学很有意义，它将有益于研究水星内部的结构。     

声学风洞风扇段流场特性数值模拟

风扇段是声学风洞的核心部段之一,风扇气动性能和声学性能对风洞的能耗与试验段背景噪声有重要影响。为了获得静叶构型的优化设计参数,采用数值模拟方法,对0.55m×0.4m低湍流度航空声学风洞风扇段的流场特性进行了研究,根据叶片的流动现象,分析了风扇段内部的工作形态,并将其性能与试验数据进行了对比,结果证明该方法能对风扇段性能进行较为准确的模拟。采用该方法得到了动静叶间距、静叶后掠、静叶倾斜对风扇气动性能、流场形态和噪声的影响,静叶后掠对气动性能的影响较小,有助于减小出口的旋转速度,增大动静叶间距对气动性能的影响较大,会增大出口的旋转速度,而静叶倾斜是最适宜的降噪方式。     

噪声源校准方法及不确定度分析

噪声系数测量的一个关键指标就是测量不确定度,测量时所用的噪声源是引起噪声系数测量不确定度的一个明显因素。噪声源的精确校准可以有效地降低噪声系数的测量不确定度,因此它是获得高质量的噪声系数测量的关键因素。介绍了两种对微波和毫米波噪声源超噪比进行校准的方法,分别是Y因子法和增益法,并全面分析了引起校准不确定度的因素。     

一种适合现场保障的新型雷达噪声系数测试仪

雷达接收机的噪声系数直接影响到雷达的作用距离,是衡量雷达接收机工作性能的重要指标,本文针对雷达现场保障设备的需求,采用大动态对数放大器AD8310,设计了一款专用雷达噪声系数测试仪,能够适应雷达接收机增益大动态变化的特点及外场温度大幅度变化的环境,已经试用于某对空警戒雷达保障系统,并取得了较理想的效果。     

CCD相机系统中的高信噪比多通道信号处理设计

简要介绍了高速CCD相机中的电子学系统及CCD信号的处理流程。根据相机多路CCD信号同步处理的要求,设计了一个信号处理单元并行处理24路像元速率为4MHz的CCD信号。CCD信号处理主要关注在提高相机成像信噪比、暗电平箝位及多路信号一致性调整3个方面,文章针对上述问题进行了分析,提出了解决方案。最后,给出了相机系统的测试结果。     

Noise analysis of continuous GPS coordinate time series for CMONOC

The Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) is one of the major scientific infrastructures, mainly using Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, to monitor crustal deformation in the Chinese mainland. In this paper, decade-long coordinate time series of 26 continuous GPS sites of CMONOC are analyzed for their noise content using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). We study the noise properties of continuous GPS time series of CMONOC for the unfiltered, filtered solutions and also the common mode signals in terms of power law plus white noise model. In the spatial filtering, we remove for every time series a common mode error that was estimated from a modified stacking of position residuals from other sites within ∼1000 km of the selected site. We find that the common mode signal in our network has a combination of spatially correlated flicker noise and a common white noise with large spatial extent. We demonstrate that for the unfiltered solutions of CMONOC continuous GPS sites the main colored noise is a flicker process, with a mean spectral index of ∼1. For the filtered solutions, the main colored noise is a general power law process, indicating that a major number of the filtered regional solutions have a combination of noise sources or local effects. The velocity uncertainties from CMONOC continuous GPS coordinate time series may be underestimated by factors of 8–16 if a pure white noise model is assumed. In addition, using a white plus flicker noise model, the median values of velocity errors for the unfiltered solutions are 0.16 (north), 0.17 (east) and 0.58 (vertical) mm/yr, and the median values for the filtered solutions are 0.09 (north), 0.10 (east) and 0.40 (vertical) mm/yr.     

工业洁净室风淋系统测量方法研究

简要介绍了工业洁净室常用风淋系统的原理及其应用,分析了影响风淋系统净化效果的几种因素,给出了工业洁净室常用风淋系统的具体计量检测方法。