A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.     

摩擦焊设备振动油缸的性能分析

液压式摩擦焊设备是将电液伺服控制技术运用到摩擦焊接领域的一种先进设备。通过分析系统振动油缸的频率,找出影响频率的关键因素,深入分析这些因素对振动油缸伺服控制系统的影响,并利用AMESim仿真软件对该系统进行建模分析,验证了分析结果,并总结出改进系统的几点措施,为摩擦焊设备的设计改进提供了理论依据。。     

一种铍合金材料的结构和性能

对国外某型号飞机所用的铍合金刹车材料进行了密度测试、结构观察、化学元素分析、力学、物理和摩擦性能表征,并与C/C、C/SiC复合材料和粉末冶金材料的相关性能作了对比,结果表明,粉末冶金铍合金材料密度低,力学和摩擦性能优异,是一种很有发展前途的刹车材料.     

C/C素坯密度对GSIC/C-SiC复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用气相渗硅工艺(GSI)制备C/C-Si C复合材料,研究了C/C素坯密度对GSI C/C-Si C复合材料物相组成与摩擦磨损性能的影响,分析了C/C-Si C复合材料的制动过程,并归纳了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明,随着C/C素坯密度的增大,GSI C/C-Si C复合材料的密度呈递减趋势,且C含量和开气孔率逐渐增加,而Si C含量和残余Si含量逐渐减少;自对偶条件下,复合材料的平均摩擦系数、磨损率均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当C/C素坯密度为1.25g/cm3时有最大值,而制动稳定系数则不断增大。GSI C/C-Si C复合材料的制动过程是犁沟效应和粘着效应共同作用的结果,制动初始阶段和刹停阶段以犁沟效应为主,中间阶段以粘着效应为主。     

Laminar flow control research at TsAGI: Past and present

This paper presents a brief review of activities in laminar flow control being performed at the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute named after Prof. N.E. Zhukovsky (TsAGI). These efforts are focused on the improvement of the existing laminar flow control methods and on the development of new ones. The investigations have demonstrated the effectiveness of aircraft surface laminarization applications with the aim of friction drag reduction. The opportunity of considerable delaying of laminar-turbulent transition due to special wing profile geometry and using boundary layer suction and surface cooling has been verified at sub- and supersonic speeds through various wind tunnel testing at TsAGI and during flying laboratory experiments at the Flight Research Institute (LII). The investigations on using hybrid laminar flow control systems for friction drag reduction were also carried out. New techniques of laminar flow control were proposed, in particular, the method of local heating of the wing leading edge, boundary layer laminarization by means of receptivity control, and electrohydrodynamic methods of boundary layer stability control.     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝Al2Cu相聚集行为特征分析

对2219C10S状态铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,发现焊缝中存在聚集物的异常聚集现象,聚集相在X光检测中显示为亮白色聚集物,主要形态分为团块状、线状和指状三种,聚集相处焊缝的力学性能与无聚集相焊缝的力学性能基本相同。各形态聚集相的分布位置受搅拌头焊接影响区域的不同而不同,团块状聚集相主要存在于焊核中心或偏焊缝上表面位置处,线状和指状聚集相主要存在于焊核中心或偏焊缝根部位置处。对异常聚集相进行能谱分析知,聚集相主要组成元素为Al和Cu,原子百分比近似为2∶1,确定聚集相主要成分为Al2Cu。对聚集相的成因进行分析认为,聚集相的产生主要受搅拌摩擦焊接热输入及搅拌头机械搅拌作用的影响,在焊接过程中,塑态软化金属中的Al2Cu在填补搅拌针后方空腔的过程中出现了聚集行为,随着塑态金属的凝固,聚集行为开始变得缓慢并结束。     

2219铝合金变截面结构搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及组织特性

针对变截面结构产品,提出了一种变截面搭接结构搅拌摩擦焊接方法,通过加装辅助板将整条焊缝焊接方向上补偿为等厚度。焊接采用一次定位焊接+二次定位焊接+正式焊接的工艺方式,一次定位焊为预定位,二次定位焊保证辅助板与试片主体结构之间形成有效连接,正式焊保证形成完整的焊缝。焊缝表面成形良好,超声相控阵检测无超标缺陷。通过对力学性能的分析,变截面搭接结构处焊缝与非搭接处焊缝和常规对接焊缝的力学性能基本相同,平均抗拉强度均达到母材的70%以上,平均延伸率均在5.8%以上。变截面搭接焊缝焊核处晶粒形态为细小的等轴晶,靠近轴肩影响区部分的晶粒尺寸大于靠近焊缝根部的晶粒尺寸,受再结晶影响,焊缝两侧热机影响区处辅助板搭接界面消失。     

地面模拟微重力条件下Cu-Pb合金的制备及微观结构与摩擦性能研究

利用地面上建立的微重力电磁模拟设备成功制备出了Cu-Pb二元难混合金,并对其微观组织结构与摩擦性能进行了分析与测试.样品SEM分析结果表明,模拟微重力状态下制备的合金样品较好地克服了地面上因重力影响而产生的严重成分偏析,少数弥散相较均匀地分布于基体中,少数相含量越低,弥散体尺寸越小,分布越均匀;摩擦性能测试结果显示合金模拟样品的摩擦性能明显好于基体金属,且摩擦系数随少数相Pb的含量的增大而减小,体积磨损率随少数相含量的增大先快速减小而后又缓慢增大.同时对实验结果进行了简单的分析与讨论.     

Friction moment analysis of space gyroscope bearing with ribbon cage under ultra-low oscillatory motion

This paper presents the model of calculating the total friction moment of space gyroscope ball bearings which usually work under ultra-low oscillatory motion and are very sensitive to the friction moment. The aim is to know the proportion of the friction moment caused by each frictional source in the bearing＇s total friction moment, which is helpful to optimize the bearing design to deduce the friction moment. In the model, the cage dynamic equations considering six degree-of-freedom and the balls dynamic equations considering two degree-of-freedom were solved.The good trends with different loads between the measured friction moments and computational results prove that the model under constant rate was validated. The computational results show that when the speed was set at 5 r/min, the bearing＇s maximum total friction moment when oscillation occurred was obviously larger than that occurred at a constant rate. At the onset of each oscillatory motion, the proportion of the friction moment caused by cage in the bearing＇s total friction moment was very high, and it increased with the increasing speed. The analyses of different cage thicknesses and different clearances between cage pocket and ball show that smaller thickness and clearance were preferred.     

Application in prestiction friction compensation for angular velocity loop of inertially stabilized platforms

To overcome the influence of the nonlinear friction on the gimbaled servo-system of an inertial stabilized platforms(ISPs) with DC motor direct-drive, the methods of modeling and compensation of the nonlinear friction are proposed. Firstly, the inapplicability of LuGre model when trying to interpret the backward angular displacement in the prestiction regime is observed experimentally and the reason is deduced theoretically. Then, based on the dynamic model of direct-drive ISPs, a modified LuGre model is proposed to describe the characteristic of the friction in the prestiction regime. Furthermore, the state switch condition of the three friction regimes including presliding, gross sliding and prestiction is presented. Finally, a composite compensation controller including a nonlinear friction observer and a feedforward compensator based on the novel LuGre model is designed to restrain the nonlinear friction and to improve the control precision. Experimental results indicate that compared with those of the conventional proportion–integration–differentiation(PID) control method and the PID plus LuGre model-based friction compensation method, the dwell-time has decreased from 0.2 s to almost 0 s, the position error decreased to 86.7%and the peak-to-peak value of position error decreased to 80% after the novel compensation controller is added. It concludes that the composite compensation controller can greatly improve the control precision of the dynamic sealed ISPs.