速度脉动下分层旋流火焰动态传播结构提取

为了深刻理解分层旋流火焰的动态结构，开展了分层旋流火焰动态的模态分析和参数化研究。实验在BASIS （北京航空航天大学发展的具有台阶隔离段的独立分层旋流燃烧器）上开展，以甲烷为燃料预混燃烧，使用高速摄像捕捉了速度脉动下的CH*化学发光信号动态图像。利用传统的本征正交分解（POD）和重定向POD分析了火焰动态特性，并利用重定向POD提取了火焰动态中沿着轴向和径向的周期性传播结构，传播结构的频率与速度脉动频率保持一致，且轴向模态的传播结构最为明显。同时，研究了总当量比对重定向POD模态的影响，分析表明：总当量比增大时，重定向POD模态的拓扑结构会发生变化；重定向POD模态中出现了错位现象，这种现象与相平均图像中的火焰传播行为保持一致。重定向POD方法能够有效提取旋流火焰动态中的传播结构，为旋流火焰燃烧不稳定性的机理研究提供了一种分析工具。     

基于CFD高精度算法的雷电电磁场研究

雷电空间电磁场一直是电磁领域研究的热门，成熟的算法例如有限时域差分法（FDTD），传输线矩阵法（TLM）以及频域的矩量法（MoM）在计算雷电问题方面都有广泛的应用。由于计算流体力学（CFD）中的Euler方程与电磁学中的Maxwell方程有着相同的守恒形式，而且采用间断伽辽金方法（DG）已经在流场问题上得到广泛的尝试，因此引入了基于计算流体力学的DG方法来离散时域Maxwell方程，并采用网格分区并行技术加速计算，使用基于DG的圆球雷达散射截面积（RCS）算例进行测试，数值结果一致表明DG算法在求解电磁场问题上的可行性，之后通过计算一段近场雷电通道的电场分布并与解析解、某算法仿真解对比，数据基本吻合，说明该方法适合于雷电电磁场的计算。     

Weibull分布参数估计值对细节疲劳额定强度的影响

将新材料、新工艺应用于民机结构设计时，细节疲劳额定强度（DFR）法仍是重要的评估方法。根据新型铝合金疲劳试验数据，全面分析了Weibull分布形状参数对DFR计算参数的影响；分析标准S-N曲线斜度参数对DFR的影响时，应考虑可靠性寿命的变化，采用低可靠度寿命计算曲线斜度参数可降低Weibull分布形状参数的影响；比较了采用不同分布参数估计值与传统上采用波音公司给定值进行DFR计算的差异。结果表明，对于通过符合性检验的试验数据，使用不同Weibull分布的参数估计值计算得到的DFR都大于按传统方法（用波音公司给定值）的计算结果，其中，三参数Weibull分布计算的DFR最大，至少增加10%以上。     

Multi-scale design and optimization for solid-lattice hybrid structures and their application to aerospace vehicle components

By integrating topology optimization and lattice-based optimization, a novel multi-scale design method is proposed to create solid-lattice hybrid structures and thus to improve the mechanical performance as well as reduce the structural weight. To achieve this purpose, a two-step procedure is developed to design and optimize the innovative structures. Initially, the classical topology optimization is utilized to find the optimal material layout and primary load carrying paths. Afterwards, the solid-lattice hybrid structures are reconstructed using the finite element mesh based modeling method. And lattice-based optimization is performed to obtain the optimal cross-section area of the lattice structures. Finally, two typical aerospace structures are optimized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimization framework. The numerical results are quite encouraging since the solid-lattice hybrid structures obtained by the presented approach show remarkably improved performance when compared with traditional designs.     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

流量调节器管路系统自激振荡特性研究

流量调节器管路系统在小流量大压降工况下会出现低频自激振荡现象。为了深入认识自激振荡产生机理，结合某稳流型流量调节器及管路系统，基于流量调节器弹簧振子动力学模型开展数值仿真研究。数值仿真得出自激振荡频率为94Hz，与发动机试验结果一致。分析了流量调节器结构参数对系统稳定性的影响作用，三角形滑阀节流口能够抑制管路系统自激振荡。自激振荡产生机理是液动力随滑阀节流口型面振荡，并对管路系统形成正反馈作用，当流量调节器综合刚度系数<0时，管路系统就失稳产生振荡。某流量调节器的负载特性试验表明，随着流量调节器压降升高，管路系统稳定性变差。仿真获得的幅频特性，稳定边界与试验结果一致。     

NNW-TopViz流场可视分析系统

流场可视化技术采用图形图像直观地表现CFD数值模拟的计算结果，使用户能够方便地对这些数据进行分析、比较和研究。然而，CFD数值模拟的流动复杂，其产生的流场数据规模巨大、数据类型复杂、特征提取困难，传统的串行可视化软件效率低、交互手段单一，难以满足数据分析的需求。国家数值风洞（NNW）工程研制了一套流场数据处理可视化软件系统（NNW-TopViz，简称TopViz），具有对流场数据处理与特征提取、几何图形绘制等可视化与交互功能。根据可视分析效率需求，TopViz实现了线程并行，在多核计算环境下有效提高了可视化计算和交互效率；针对流场特征提取困难、常规方法效率低的问题，TopViz实现了基于卷积神经网络的流场旋涡特征提取方法，提升了特征提取准确率和效率；为提高软件交互效率并提供便捷的交互方式和体验，基于头戴式显示设备和体感控制器构建沉浸式虚拟显示与交互平台，TopViz实现了手势和眼球凝视2种交互方法，提供沉浸式环境下多视图、多角度流场探测方式。     

A review of topology optimization for additive manufacturing: Status and challenges

Topology optimization was developed as an advanced structural design methodology to generate innovative lightweight and high-performance configurations that are difficult to obtain with conventional ideas. Additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing technique building as-designed structures via layer-by-layer joining material, providing an alternative pattern for complex components. The integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing can make the most of their advantages and potentials, and has wide application prospects in modern manufacturing. This article reviews the main content and applications of the research on the integration of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in recent years, including multi-scale or hierarchical structural optimization design and topology optimization considering additive manufacturing constraints. Meanwhile, some challenges of structural design approaches for additive manufacturing are discussed, such as the performance characterization and scale effects of additively manufactured lattice structures, the anisotropy and fatigue performance of additively manufactured material, and additively manufactured functionally graded material issues, etc. It is shown that in the research of topology optimization for additive manufacturing, the integration of material, structure, process and performance is important to pursue high-performance, multi-functional and lightweight production. This article provides a reference for further related research and aerospace applications.     

Discrete time multiple spacecraft formation flying attitude optimal control in presence of relative state constraints

This paper addresses the challenge of synchronized multiple spacecraft attitude reorientation in presence of pointing and boundary constraints with limited inter-spacecraft communication link. Relative attitude pointing constraint among the fleet of spacecraft has also been modeled and considered during the attitude maneuvers toward the desired states. Formation fling control structure that consists of decentralized path planners based on virtual structure approach joint with discrete time optimal local controller is designed to achieve the mission’s goals. Due to digital computing of spacecraft’s onboard computer, local optimal controller based on discrete time prediction and correction algorithm has been utilized. The time step of local optimal algorithm execution is designed so that the spacecraft track their desired attitudes with appropriate error bound. The convergence of the proposed architecture and stability of local controller’s tracking error within appropriate upper bound are proved. Finally, a numerical simulation of a stereo imaging scenario is presented to verify the performance of the proposed architecture and the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

高能合成煤油GN-1性能研究 --“液体火箭推进”专刊

结合火箭发动机工程应用环境，研究了GN-1煤油高温高压热物性、安全特性、传热结焦性能以及点火延迟性能，并和现役火箭煤油作了对比分析。采用商业仪器对GN-1煤油在最高200℃、最高压力25MPa范围内的密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力进行了实验测量。在实验数据的基础上，依据基团贡献法、基于比容平移法则的P-R方程、摩擦理论、广义对应态原理分别对GN-1煤油在最高350℃、最高压力60MPa范围内的密度、黏度、定压比热容、导热系数、表面张力进行了理论计算，建立了GN-1煤油的密度方程、黏度方程、导热系数方程，并将方程的计算值与实验值进行了对比，计算偏差较小。对GN-1煤油和火箭煤油的安全性能进行对比研究，GN-1煤油的闪点为40℃，自燃温度为305℃，高于火箭煤油(225℃)；燃点为47℃，低于火箭煤油(82℃)，GN-1煤油的爆炸极限范围为0.44%-2.9%（40℃）。GN-1煤油和火箭煤油的急性经口毒性LD50＞5000mg/kg，均属于第五级化合物（实际无毒）。在入口压力10 MPa，流速10 m·s-1，内壁温480℃条件下，GN-1煤油的传热系数比火箭煤油提高14.4%，建立了传热准则方程。GN-1煤油出口油温220℃时试验段平均结焦速率是出口油温150℃时的4.43倍，GN-1煤油不锈钢材质管路中试验段平均结焦为高合管材质管路中的22.3%。在970K-1105K温度范围内，GN-1煤油的点火延迟时间为320μs-471μs，是火箭煤油的55.6%-69.3%。相关研究可对发动机可靠设计及应用提供重要参考。