基于双响应波段工作的红外热像仪测温原理与误差分析

为了提高红外热像仪测温的准确性,根据红外辐射理论,从红外热像仪的测温原理出发,分析了基于双响应工作波段的热像仪的测温原理,得出了目标物体的发射率、物体温度计算公式以及相应误差的估算公式,分析了各影响因素对热像仪测量准确度的影响,提供了一种目标物体发射率的测定方法,对利用红外热像仪准确测量内燃机等热能机械表面温度具有重要的意义。     

不等温空腔的有效发射率计算

采用Monte-Carlo法对不等温空腔的有效发射率进行计算分析,讨论了腔壁的不等温性、材料的光谱发射率和方向发射率对法向有效发射率的影响,为黑体辐射源的设计提供了理论计算依据。     

Modeling urban heat islands in heterogeneous land surface and its correlation with impervious surface area by using night-time ASTER satellite data in highly urbanizing city,Delhi-India

The present study is an assessment and identification of urban heat island (UHI) in the environment of one of the fastest urbanizing city of India, Delhi Metropolis, employing satellite image of ASTER and Landsat 7 ETM+ in the thermal infrared region 3–14 μm. Temporal (2001 and 2005) ASTER datasets were used to analyze the spatial structure of the thermal urban environment subsequently urban heat island (UHI) in relation to the urban surface characteristics and land use/land cover (LULC). The study involves derivation of parameters governing the surface heat fluxes, constructing statistics of ASTER thermal infrared images along with validation through intensive in situ measurements. The average images reveal spatial and temporal variations of land surface temperature (LST) of night-time and distinct microclimatic patterns. Central Business District (CBD) of Delhi, (Connaught Place, a high density built up area), and commercial/industrial areas display heat islands condition with a temperature greater than 4 °C compared to the suburbs. The small increase in surface temperature at city level is mainly attributed to cumulative impact of human activities, changes in LULC pattern and vegetation density. In this study the methodology takes into account spatially-relative surface temperatures and impervious surface fraction value to measure surface UHI intensity between the urban land cover and rural surroundings. Both the spatial and temporal variation in surface temperature associated with impervious surface area (ISA) has been evaluated to assess the effect of urbanization on the local climate.     

固定发射率辐射温度计校准中的温度修正计算方法

主要对固定发射率的辐射温度计在校准时如何进行发射率偏差引起的温度修正值的计算方法进行了讨论。针对一般的修正计算涉及到在工作波段内对Planck公式进行复杂的积分运算,提出了引入有效波长的处理方法,大大简化了修正计算过程。在用有效波长对较宽波段(例如8μm~14μm)进行处理时发现,对于宽波段,同样也存在着一个有效波长,用该有效波长替代复杂的波段积分计算,可以使得对该波段的研究计算简化。采用有效波长的处理方法与积分处理方法相比较,处理结果符合性很好,证明了引入有效波长概念的处理方法是正确的。     

低太阳吸收率加成型有机硅热控涂层的研制

为了制备低αs/εh值热控涂层，必须选择合适的粘料。系统研究了组成对加成型热控涂层性能的影响，探讨了颜料与粘粒配比、含氢硅油种类、乙烯基硅橡胶种类、Si－H与CH＝CH配比、涂布方式等对热控涂层太阳吸收率（αs）、红外辐射率（εh）及αs/εh影响规律。     

烧蚀材料的多光谱真温测量法

应用棱镜分光式多波长光电高温计对氧乙炔焰烧蚀材料的真实温度进行了测量。精心地选择波段及处理方法使烧蚀材料剥离、水蒸汽及烟雾影响减至最小，采用一点标定技术解决了高温区标定问题。     

Surface temperature estimation in Singhbhum Shear Zone of India using Landsat-7 ETM+ thermal infrared data

Land surface temperature (LST) is an important factor in global change studies, heat balance and as control for climate change. A comparative study of LST over parts of the Singhbhum Shear Zone in India was undertaken using various emissivity and temperature retrieval algorithms applied on visible and near infrared (VNIR), and thermal infrared (TIR) bands of high resolution Landsat-7 ETM+ imagery. LST results obtained from satellite data of October 26, 2001 and November 2, 2001 through various algorithms were validated with ground measurements collected during satellite overpass. In addition, LST products of MODIS and ASTER were compared with Landsat-7 ETM+ and ground truth data to explore the possibility of using multi-sensor approach in LST monitoring. An image-based dark object subtraction (DOS3) algorithm, which is yet to be tested for LST retrieval, was applied on VNIR bands to obtain atmospheric corrected surface reflectance images. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was estimated from VNIR reflectance image. Various surface emissivity retrieval algorithms based on NDVI and vegetation proportion were applied to ascertain emissivities of the various land cover categories in the study area in the spectral range of 10.4–12.5 μm. A minimum emissivity value of about 0.95 was observed over the reflective rock body with a maximum of about 0.99 over dense forest. A strong correlation was established between Landsat ETM+ reflectance band 3 and emissivity. Single channel based algorithms were adopted for surface radiance and brightness temperature. Finally, emissivity correction was applied on ‘brightness temperature’ to obtain LST. Estimated LST values obtained from various algorithms were compared with field ground measurements for different land cover categories. LST values obtained after using Valor’s emissivity and single channel equations were best correlated with ground truth temperature. Minimum LST is observed over dense forest as about 26 °C and maximum LST is observed over rock body of about 38 °C. The estimated LST showed that rock bodies, bare soils and built-up areas exhibit higher surface temperatures, while water bodies, agricultural croplands and dense vegetations have lower surface temperatures during the daytime. The accuracy of the estimated LST was within ±2 °C. LST comparison of ASTER and MODIS with Landsat has a maximum difference of 2 °C. Strong correlation was found between LST and spectral radiance of band 6 of Landsat-7 ETM+. Result corroborates the fact that surface temperatures over land use/land cover types are greatly influenced by the amount of vegetation present.     

毫米波频段亮温度的计算

许多由普朗克定律的瑞利-琼斯近似推导而来的亮温度计算方法已被广泛应用,但适当的误差修正却容易被忽视。随着地球遥感科学和微波噪声标准应用频率的不断升高,这些误差变得更为显著。研究了一些广泛应用的亮温度近似公式的误差修正方法,计算了这些公式在不同条件下与普朗克定律计算结果的偏差,旨在对这些公式的误差修正引起重视并作出相应的修正。     

双色测温系统的研究

本文介绍了一种用微机控制的双色测温系统。简要描述了双色测温系统的测量原理和系统结构，着重对发射率和谱线带宽的影响进行了分析，提出采用仿真处理修正测量误差的方法，从而实现了物体表面温度的高精度自动测量，最后给出了仿真修正的结果。     

6mm，8mm，13mm辐射计校准系统的研制

为解决相应频段的辐射计的灵敏度、线性度、稳定性的定标问题.叙述了6mm,8mm,13mm辐射计校准系统的主要技术问题,给出了技术指标,系统组成,工作原理,校准结果及不确定度分析.该系统在国内首次将变温标准辐射源用于辐射计校准,有广泛的应用前景.