仿壁虎刚毛阵列对卫星表面吸附能力模型与计算

壁虎脚的粘着机理对航天机器人脚掌的研制和开发具有重要启发意义.通过单根刚毛与光滑表面黏着力模型与计算、卫星粗糙表面分布模型与接触概率与计算、刚毛阵列与卫星粗糙表面黏着力模型与计算等，分析仿壁虎刚毛阵列对卫星表面的吸附能力，发现在一定条件下仿壁虎刚毛阵能够在太空失重环境中黏着在卫星表面，对航天舱内爬行机器人、管道机器人的研制和开发具有重要的启示意义.     

Evaluation of SARAL/AltiKa performance using GNSS/IMU equipped buoy in Sajafi,Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports

Performance of SARAL/AltiKa mission has been evaluated within 2016 altimeter calibration/validation framework in Persian Gulf through three campaigns conducted in the offshore waters of Sajafi, Imam Hassan and Kangan Ports, while the altimeter overflew the passes 470, 111 and 25 on 13 Feb, 7 March and 17 June 2016, respectively. As the preparation, a lightweight buoy was equipped with a GNSS receiver/choke-ring antenna and a MEMS-based IMU to measure independent datasets in the field operations. To obtain accurate sea surface height (SSH) time series, the offset of the onboard antenna from the equilibrium sea level was predetermined through surveying operations as the buoy was deploying in the onshore waters of Kangan Port. Accordingly, the double-difference carrier phase observations have been processed via the Bernese GPS Software v. 5.0 so as to provide the GNSS-derived time series at the comparison points of the calibration campaigns, once the disturbing effects due to the platform tilt and heave have been eliminated. Owing to comparing of the SSH time series and the associating altimetry 1?Hz GDR-T datasets, the calibration/validation of the SARAL/AltiKa has been performed in the both cases of radiometer and ECMWF wet troposphere corrections so as to identify potential land contamination. An agreement of the present findings in comparison with those attained in other international calibrations sites confirms the promising feasibility of Persian Gulf as a new dedicated site for calibration/validation of ongoing and future altimetry missions.     

Sliding mode control design for oblique wing aircraft in wing skewing process

When the wing of Oblique Wing Aircraft (OWA) is skewed, the center of gravity, inertia and aerodynamic characteristics of the aircraft all significantly change, causing an undesirable flight dynamic response, affecting the flying qualities, and even endangering the flight safety. In this study, the dynamic response of an OWA in the wing skewing process is simulated, showing that the three-axis movements of the OWA are highly coupled and present nonlinear characteristics during the wing skewing. As the roll control efficiency of the aileron decreases due to the shortened control arm in an oblique configuration, the all-moving horizontal tail is used for additional roll and the control allocation is performed based on minimum control energy. Given the properties of pitch-roll-yaw coupling and control input and state coupling, and the difficulty of establishing an accurate aerodynamic model in the wing skewing process due to unsteady aerodynamic force, a multi-loop sliding mode controller is formulated by the time-scale separation method. The closed-loop simulation results show that the asymmetric aerodynamics can be balanced and that the velocity and altitude of the aircraft maintain stable, which means that a smooth transition is obtained during the OWA’s wing skewing.     

Six sigma robust design optimization for thermal protection system of hypersonic vehicles based on successive response surface method

Lightweight design is important for the Thermal Protection System(TPS) of hypersonic vehicles in that it protects the inner structure from severe heating environment. However, due to the existence of uncertainties in material properties and geometry, it is imperative to incorporate uncertainty analysis into the design optimization to obtain reliable results. In this paper, a six sigma robust design optimization based on Successive Response Surface Method(SRSM) is established for the TPS to improve the reliability and robustness with considering the uncertainties. The uncertain parameters related to material properties and thicknesses of insulation layers are considered and characterized by random variables following normal distributions. By employing SRSM, the values of objective function and constraints are approximated by the response surfaces to reduce computational cost. The optimization is an iterative process with response surfaces updating to find the true optimal solution. The optimization of the nose cone of hypersonic vehicle cabin is provided as an example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Validation of non-linear split window algorithm for land surface temperature estimation using Sentinel-3 satellite imagery: Case study; Tehran Province,Iran

In recent years, land surface temperature (LST) has become critical in environmental studies and earth science. Remote sensing technology enables spatiotemporal monitoring of this parameter on large scales. This parameter can be estimated by satellite images with at least one thermal band. Sentinel-3 SLSTR data provide LST products with a spatial resolution of 1 km. In this research, direct and indirect validation procedures were employed to evaluate the Sentinel-3 SLSTR LST products over the study area in different seasons from 2018 to 2019. The validation method was based on the absolute (direct) evaluation of this product with field data and comparison (indirect) evaluation with the MODIS LST product and the estimated LST using the non-linear split-window (NSW) algorithm. Also, two emissivity estimation methods, (1) NDVI thresholding method (NDVI-THM) and (2) classification-based emissivity method (CBEM), were used to estimate the LST using the NSW method according to the two thermal bands of Sentinel-3 images. Then, the accuracy of these methods in estimating LST was evaluated using field data and temporal changes of vegetation, which the NDVI-THM method generated better results. For indirect evaluation between the Sentinel-3 LST product, MODIS LST product, and LST estimated using NSW, four filters based on spatial and temporal separates between pairs of pixels and pixel quality were used to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the compared pairs of a pixel. In general, the accuracy results of the LST products of MODIS and Sentinel-3, and LST estimated using NSW showed a similar trend for LST changes during the seasons. With respect to the two absolute and comparative validations for the Sentinel-3 LST products, summer with the highest values of bias (?1.24 K), standard deviation (StDv = 2.66 K), and RMSE (2.43 K), and winter with the lowest ones (bias of 0.14 K, StDv of 1.13 K, and RMSE of 1.12 K) provided the worst and best results for the seasons in the period of 2018–2019, respectively. According to both absolute and comparative evaluation results, the Sentinel-3 SLSTR LST products provided reliable results for all seasons on a large temporal and spatial scale over our studied area.     

月面特征稀疏环境下的视觉惯性SLAM方法

月球车在执行科学探测任务过程中，其自身的高精度定位是一项亟需解决的关键问题。针对在特征稀疏的月面环境下的定位问题，提出一种视觉惯性融合的SLAM方法，将视觉测量与惯性传感器的信息利用位姿图优化方法融合，实现高精度的联合定位。针对特征稀疏环境下的前端视觉数据关联误差较大的问题，提出了一种基于四元树的光流跟踪算法，能够有效地跟踪鲁棒的特征点，提升了关键帧之间相对位姿估计的准确性。并且针对月面环境特有的恒星无穷远点干扰问题，提出一种高效的恒星点剔除算法，能够有效改善无穷远点导致的定位精度下降的问题。搭建了一套模拟月面环境的计算机仿真系统，并构建了多个月面环境视觉惯性SLAM仿真数据集，在不同的模拟月面场景下进行定位性能仿真验证，仿真测试结果表明本文算法的鲁棒性更强，具有更高的定位准确度。     

Hybrid integration method for highly maneuvering radar target detection based on a Markov motion model

To detect highly maneuvering radar targets in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions, a hybrid long-time integration method is proposed, which combines Radon-Fourier Transform (RFT), Dynamic Programming (DP), and Binary Integration (BI), named RFT-DP-BI. A Markov model with unified range-velocity quantification is formulated to describe the maneuvering target’s motion. Based on this model, long-time hybrid integration is performed. Firstly, the whole integration time is divided into multiple time segments and coherent integration is performed in each segment via RFT. Secondly, non-coherent integration is performed in all segments via DP. Thirdly, 2/4 binary integration is performed to further improve the detection performance. Finally, the detection results are exported together with target range and velocity trajectories. The proposed method can perform the long-time integration of highly maneuvering targets with arbitrary forms of motion. Additionally, it has a low computational cost that is linear to the integration time. Both simulated and real radar data demonstrate that it offers good detection and estimation performances.     

正弦压力信号幅值测量无差算法研究

正弦压力校准常用比较法，通过比较标准压力传感器与被校压力传感器在同一正弦压力源中的响应完成被校传感器的幅值校准。对正弦压力信号幅值的测量算法进行了研究，提出了一种控制采样频率为标准激励信号频率整数倍的算法，可实现幅值的无差运算，理论推导和仿真实验表明，该算法能有效提高单频校准的准确度。     

超临界CO2技术对空心/实心石英混编纤维表面改性

采用热处理+溶剂浸洗+超临界CO2技术对空心/实心石英混编纤维表面进行预处理,同时利用超临界流体的携带与渗透作用,将KH-560偶联剂引入纤维表面进行改性。采用接触角测试、表/界面张力测试、树脂吸附量测试、力学性能测试、扫描电镜等分别测试纤维表面能、胶液表面张力与接触角、胶液与纤维浸润性,观察纤维表面形貌结构,分析复合材料的力学与介电性能。结果表明:采用热处理+溶剂浸洗+超临界CO2技术可有效去除空心/实心石英混编纤维表面浸润剂,提高纤维表面能,促进胶液与纤维的完全浸润,最终改善复合材料力学与介电性能。     

压电阻抗技术监测固体推进剂老化研究

为了进一步研究表面粘贴式的主动传感技术——压电阻抗技术(EMI, Electro-Mechanical Impedance)监测固体推进剂的老化,构建了基于线粘弹杆结构的一维机电耦合模型,根据粘弹性波的理论与边界条件进行分析,建立一种线粘弹结构动态模量与其机械阻抗的表征关系,并对构建的机电耦合阻抗模型进行了数值计算及试验验证。针对HTPB固体推进剂开展高温热加速老化试验及压电主动激励试验,根据监测所得导纳频谱并通过提取结构机械阻抗进行分析,结果表明:压电陶瓷片与推进剂结构在高频机电耦合运动时(300kHz,280kHz)有明显的共振现象,结构固有频率高于机电耦合共振频率,并且在200kHz～400kHz频段与700kHz～900kHz频段内,结构机械阻抗频谱峰值会因固体推进剂的热老化时间增长而降低,且与热老化时间之间满足线性关系。由此可见,压电阻抗法能够与固体推进剂在力学性能上建立表征关系,通过得到固体推进剂结构机械阻抗能够监测其老化损伤。