利用改正数信息的北斗三号实时精密单点定位及性能分析

北斗三号全球卫星导航系统已正式建成并开通服务。为了利用实时改正数信息系统地揭示北斗三号精密单点定位性能，并为用户提供理论依据和应用参考，首先解算了卫星实时精密轨道、钟差及其改正数，分析了其精度。然后基于实时改正数信息，利用监测站广播星历和观测数据，分别进行了双频静态、双频仿动态、单频静态和单频仿动态仿实时精密单点定位，以评估其性能。结果表明：北斗三号MEO卫星实时轨道和钟差精度均值分别约为12cm和0.2ns，满足实时精密单点定位需求。静态实时精密单点定位精度优于动态，双频优于单频，均可达到分米级。对于定位收敛时间，双频静态最短，约为40min；双频动态和单频静态均约为85min；单频动态最长，约为120min。     

一种GNSS双频信号跟踪的新方法

在双频接收机双频L1辅助L2跟踪方法基础上提出一种GNSS双频信号载波和差联合跟踪新方法。该算法能够克服传统的L1辅助L2跟踪方法L2信号能得到L1信号辅助信息、而L1信号得不到L2信号任何辅助信息的固有缺点。仿真结果表明：该和差联合跟踪方法相比传统的双频信号跟踪算法能够耦合双频信号实现其相互辅助跟踪,具有提高GNSS双频信号的跟踪稳健性和灵敏度等优点。     

星间链路测量中的载波相位测距算法研究

运用双频伪码/载波相位组合方式求解整周模糊度的方法实现星间链路中的载波相位测距。在双频伪码/载波相位组合原理的基础上,对不同组合方式下的测量误差进行分析,并研究了增大载波频率时的载波相位测距手段。仿真结果表明,算法能得到较准确的整周模糊度值和精度较高的测距值,实现了载波相位高精度测距。     

双频双星座地基增强系统精度和完好性算法

针对单频单星座地基增强系统（GBAS）无法满足飞机III类精密进近与着陆导航性能需求的问题，提出了将北斗导航卫星系统（BDS）与全球定位系统（GPS）进行融合，构建一种新型的基于GPS/BDS的双频双星座GBAS。首先，分析了GBAS的工作原理，并对Hatch滤波器的误差进行了分析，给出了一种适用于双频GBAS的无码载偏离载波相位平滑伪距算法；然后，对机载完好性算法进行了研究，给出了H0和H1假设下的机载保护级计算方法；最后，进行了系统验证实验，实验结果表明，单星座GBAS不能满足飞机III类精密进近与着陆导航的性能需求，GPS和BDS融合后可见卫星个数得到提升，优化了卫星几何分布，进而使得系统的可用性由80.6081%提升到大于99.9999%。     

基于双频GPS观测信息和星间距离测量的高精度星间相对定位方法

以双星编队为对象，建立了基于GPS双频P码、双频载波相位以及星间距离观测信息的相对定位样条模型。理论分析与仿真结果表明：与仅采用单频GPS测量信息相比，该方法不仅能有效地提高相对定位精度，而且还能大大减少整周模糊度判定所需的历元数。     

Multipath mitigation method based on Gaussian mixture model in RF relative measurement

Radio Frequency (RF) technology represents a high-precision relative navigation solution that has significant potential for application to earth-orbiting satellites. In precision applications, multipath errors dominate the total error because observables, which are used to estimate carrier-phase integer ambiguity, are not always subject to a Gaussian distribution when dual-frequency ambiguity estimation methods are used in the presence of multipath. As it has been shown that ranging observables obey a Gaussian mixture distribution, this study proposes improvements to the accuracy of estimation based on multipath mitigation founded on the Gaussian mixture model. To this end, such a model is created for integer ambiguity resolution in the presence of multipath, using which the theoretical error in dual-frequency ambiguity estimation is derived. Expectation Maximization (EM), which aids dual-frequency ambiguity estimation, is subsequently proposed to reduce the effect of multipath errors. Finally, two experimental scenarios are implemented to test the performance of the proposed method. The results show that EM-aided dual-frequency ambiguity estimation reduces the range error to approximately 20% in comparison with simple dual-frequency ambiguity estimation. Therefore the proposed technique is effective for multipath mitigation in RF relative measurement.     

Precision analysis of troposphere sensing using GPS single-frequency signals

Various studies have been performed to investigate the accuracy of troposphere zenith wet delays (ZWDs) determined from GPS. Most of these studies use dual-frequency GPS data of large-scale networks with long baselines to determine the absolute ZWDs. For small-scale networks the estimability of the absolute ZWDs deteriorates due to high correlation between the solutions of the ZWDs and satellite-specific parameters as satellite clocks. However, as relative ZWDs (rZWDs) can always be estimated, irrespective of the size of the network, it is of interest to understand how the large-scale network rZWD-performance of dual-frequency GPS using an ionosphere-float model compares to the small-scale network rZWD-performance of single-frequency GPS using an ionosphere-weighted model. In this contribution such an analysis is performed using undifferenced and uncombined network parametrization modelling. In this context we demonstrate the ionosphere weighted constraints, which allows the determination of the rZWDs independent from signals on the second frequency. Based on an analysis of both simulated and real data, it is found that under quiet ionosphere conditions, the accuracy of the single-frequency determined rZWDs in the ionosphere-weighted network is comparable to that of the large-scale dual-frequency network without ionospheric constraints. Making use of the real data from two baselines of 15?days, it was found that the absolute differences of the rZWDs applying the two strategies are within 1?cm in over 90% and 95% of the time for ambiguity-float and -fixed cases, respectively.     

国外星载气象雷达技术研究

调查研究了国外星载气象雷达技术发展情况,在对多颗典型卫星分析的基础上总结了其技术发展特点和趋势,并对开展星载气象雷达技术先期研究工作提出了建议。     

新型缝隙加载宽频微带天线

文章提出了一种实现三角形微带天线宽频工作的新方法。通过添加一对与三角形中心线对称的L形缝隙,天线可以实现双频工作。改变L形缝隙的位置和尺寸,天线可以实现双频比在1．03—1．35范围内的调节,利用Ansoft仿真软件HFSS进行优化,当频率比为1．03时天线可以实现宽频工作。制作了实际的宽带天线,测量结果与仿真结果吻合,实测天线的相对工作带宽（VSWR〈2）为5．39％,是普通三角形微带天线的4．5倍,证明了所提出方法的有效性。     

Android智能手机双频GNSS伪距差分动态定位性能分析

随着智能手机全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)天线和芯片从单频单模向多频多模快速发展,基于其所衍生出来的位置服务(LBS)应用极大地便利了大众用户的日常生活.然而受限于低成本、低功耗的信号接收与处理单元,手机在无增强信息的情况下仅依赖伪距单点定位难以为用户提供稳定、高精度的导航服务.因此,基于小米8手机(Mi8)的GNSS双频原始数据,采用非组合的双频伪距观测值、载波历元差分观测值和多普勒观测值构建了滤波定位模型,并引入伪距差分数据,以提升手机定位的连续性和精度.在较复杂环境下开展了行人和车载实验,实测结果表明:双频定位精度与单频相比提升了15％～30％,伪距差分定位精度和单点定位相比提升了5％～20％,行人和车载双频伪距差分定位的平面位置误差分别为0.65m和1.03m,基本满足手机用户在城市复杂环境下的高精度定位服务需求.