PBT弹性体微相分离及对其力学性能的影响研究

为了获得微相分离对宽温PBT叠氮聚醚弹性体力学性能的影响规律,用红外光谱分析法(FT-IR)和动态热力学分析法(DMA)研究了PBT叠氮聚醚弹性体产生微相分离的机理和影响因素。用调节硬段含量、交联参数的方法调控其微相分离,控制适当的微相分离程度可显著改善推进剂的力学性能。研究结果表明:在二元醇扩链的弹性体体系中,当硬段含量约为15%时,弹性体发生相对最大比例的微相分离,体现出较佳的综合力学性能。通过微相分离的调控可获得宽温范围内综合力学性能较好的叠氮聚醚推进剂用粘合剂基体材料。     

Assessment of between-floor structural and topological properties on cognitive map development in multilevel built environments

The present study investigated cognitive map development in multilevel built environments. Three experiments were conducted in complex virtual buildings to examine the effects of five between-floor structural factors that may impede the accuracy of humans’ ability to build multilevel cognitive maps. Results from Experiments 1 and 2 (of three experiments) revealed that difficulties in developing multilevel cognitive maps are not solely caused by the z-axis offset, as is suggested in the literature, but are due to the factorial combination of a between-floor overlap and a z-axis offset. Results from Experiment 2 showed that this process becomes substantially more difficult when the reference directions between different floors have an angular offset from each other. Finally, results from Experiment 3 demonstrated that confusing between-floor heading shifts in aligned buildings did not make it reliably harder to build multilevel cognitive maps. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theories of mental representations in multilayered three-dimensional spaces, as well as for architectural design.     

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

A review of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have excellent comprehensive properties and have been widely used in aerospace, automotive industry and other fields. Due to the huge difference in performance between SiC particles and matrix alloys, traditional fusion welding methods are difficult to meet the join requirements of SiCp/Al composites. Friction stir joining (friction stir welding), as a solid phase joining process, has been proved to be a new technology with fine prospect in joining SiCp/Al composites compared with fusion welding process. Although some progress has been made in recent years, there are still full of challenges. In this paper, the research status of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites in recent years is expatiated, including the weldability of SiCp/Al composites, the macrostructure and the microstructure of joints, mechanical properties of joints, and tool wear and monitoring. Furthermore, the existing challenges of friction stir joining of SiCp/Al composites are summarized and the future development directions are prospected.     

A novel surrogate modeling strategy of the mechanical properties of 3D braided composites

In this paper, a surrogate-based modeling methodology is developed and presented to predict the elastic properties of three dimensional (3D) four-directional braided composites. Using this approach, the prediction process becomes feasible with only a limited number of training points. The surrogate models constructed using Finite Element (FE) method and Diffuse Approximation, reduce the computational time and cost for preparing experimental samples. In the FE model, multiscale method is applied to couple the computations of elastic properties at microscale and mesoscale. Subsequently, a parametric study is performed to analyze the effects of the three design parameters on the elastic properties. Satisfactory results are obtained via the surrogate-based modeling predictions, which are compared with the experimental measurements. Moreover, the predictions obtained from surrogate models concur well with the FE predictions. This study orients a new direction for predicting the mechanical properties based on surrogate models which can effectively reduce the sample preparation cost and computational efforts.     

三维四向编织复合材料弹性性能的有限元预报

在四步法方型三维编织复合材料细观结构单胞模型的基础上,假设纱线具有六边形横截面,应用ANSYS软件,建立了实体有限元模型,该模型表面与预制件表面平行,更加符合三维编织复合材料的实际结构,且有利于力学性能的分析,同时,该模型中还考虑了织物的编织角与内部编织角的几何关系.基于该模型,计算了材料的弹性常数,分析了编织角和纤维体积含量对弹性常数的影响规律.结果表明,数值计算与实验结果吻合较好.此外,还确定了材料内部的应力场分布,为材料的强度预测奠定了基础.     

航空电连接器力学性能和电学性能仿真

电连接器作为飞机上重要的元件,电连接器的安全工作已经是飞机安全的生命线。针对提高电连接器可靠性的要求,研究了航空电连接器的力学性能和电学性能。通过ANSYS Workbench的静力学模块对插拔应力作用下的应力应变情况进行分析,分析插拔过程得到插拔力、接触压力、簧片变形量曲线。通过COMSOL对接触界面粗糙度对接触电阻的影响进行了分析,得到接触压力与接触面状态对接触电阻影响。通过ANSYS和COMSOL结合的方法,获得接触压力与接触电阻的关系曲线。模态分析得到接触件固有频率,进而得到振幅对接触压力的影响。仿真结果表明,在插针插入的过程中,最大应力位于簧片根部截面内侧开槽处。接触件粗糙平均高度越高,粗糙斜率越小时,接触电阻越大。当振动方向和振动频率保持不变时,最小接触压力随振幅的增大而减小。     

基于OpenFOAM的真实流体模型库及均相求解器开发

为了正确认识高压环境下的流体非理想性特征,及其对于低温射流喷雾过程的影响作用,将多种不同真实流体模型写入到开源CFD程序OpenFOAM仿真平台中,编译形成具有广泛通用性的真实流体热物理模型库;并将高压下真实流体特征的影响引入到压力修正算法中;开发出适用于描述超临界环境下低温流体流动过程的均相求解器。对高压下流体热物理性质的非理想性,以及超临界环境下的低温液氮射流喷注过程进行研究。结果表明:高压下的真实流体效应主要体现在低温区域,本文所建立的模型库可以在任意热力学状态范围内正确预测流体热物性;基于此模型库所开发的均相求解器可正确预测超临界环境下低温射流的详细流动特征和结构,而理想气体模型则会大幅低估射流核心区密度分布,中心线上误差高达68.9%;综合考虑计算精度和效率,PR EoS及相关模型更适合于这类超临界流动问题的求解;低温射流跨临界喷注中局部区域所发生的虚假沸腾现象会导致射流温升速率降低、体积膨胀速率加快;射流核心区压缩因子明显1,在数值仿真时必须考虑高压环境下的真实流体效应。     

硅橡胶基防热涂层高温压缩行为

为研究硅橡胶基防热涂层高温下的力学性能,针对两种硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温压缩试验,对其截面的宏观及微观形貌进行分析,并结合高温下的热失重分析,探讨了其高温压缩强度变化规律及机理。研究结果表明:甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层高温热解温度区间主要为500～650℃,最终质量残余率为67.61%,其高温压缩强度在25～800℃呈增加趋势,由于玻璃小球的软化及树脂基体的热解,导致在400及700℃两个温度点的压缩强度降低,但在800℃由于玻璃小球与涂层中填料、烧蚀产物等发生共融,使涂层力学性能显著增加。甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层的高温热解温度区间主要为450～800℃,最终质量残余率为89.95%,由于甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层在高温热解后产生的陶瓷相,弥补了树脂裂解所带来的强度下降,因此在25～800℃其高温压缩强度较为稳定,并未产生明显衰减。影响硅橡胶基防热涂层高温力学性能的因素主要包括树脂基体的热解以及填料在高温下发生的物理-化学变化。     

Flow separation control on swept wing with nanosecond pulse driven DBD plasma actuators

A 15° swept wing with dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator is designed.Experimental study of flow separation control with nanosecond pulsed plasma actuation is performed at flow velocity up to 40 m/s. The effects of the actuation frequency and voltage on the aerodynamic performance of the swept wing are evaluated by the balanced force and pressure measurements in the wind tunnel. At last, the performances on separation flow control of the three types of actuators with plane and saw-toothed exposed electrodes are compared. The optimal actuation frequency for the flow separation control on the swept wing is detected, namely the reduced frequency is 0.775, which is different from 2-D airfoil separation control. There exists a threshold voltage for the low swept wing flow control. Before the threshold voltage, as the actuation voltage increases, the control effects become better. The maximum lift is increased by 23.1% with the drag decreased by 22.4% at 14°, compared with the base line. However, the best effects are obtained on actuator with plane exposed electrode in the low-speed experiment and the abilities of saw-toothed actuators are expected to be verified under high-speed conditions.