水浴沉积法制备太阳能电池用CdS薄膜

本文用化学沉积法和电化学沉积法制备太阳能电池用半导体薄膜硫化镉（ＣｄＳ），对成膜的影响因素进行了测试。结果表明，化学沉积ＣｄＳ质量较好，沉积速度较慢，受ｐＨ的影响较大，且水浴容器壁上沉积有大量的ＣｄＳ膜。电化学沉积ＣｄＳ的电流密度在０．５～２．５ ｍ Ａ／ｃｍ ２ 的范围内，沉积速度快，材料消耗少，但是对电流密度过于敏感，成膜参数难以控制。     

固体粒子在压缩机叶栅内的部分沉积模型研究

针对轴流压缩机叶栅内固体微粒沉积的问题,发展了新的粒子沉积模型(部分沉积模型)。采用此模型和普遍采用的完全沉积模型进行了计算,计算结果表明两种模型对叶栅前缘处的粒子沉积影响明显。采用部分沉积模型时,叶片前缘处不会出现短时间内不合实际的大量沉积现象,而表现为一种比较均匀的粒子沉积。     

脉冲微孔喷射技术及其在增材制造方面的应用

介绍了用于制造单分散球形微米级粒子的脉冲微孔喷射技术.根据微滴制备原理,可将其分为适用于低熔点材料的压片式喷射装置及适用于高熔点材料的传动杆式喷射装置,分别阐述了两种方式的脉冲微孔喷射技术的喷射原理、相关特点以及该技术的发展和研究现状.目前,采用脉冲微孔喷射技术已成功制备出金属、半导体及生体材料单分散微粒子,具有粒径均一、圆球度高等优势.通过与其他微米级粒子制备技术,如均匀液滴喷射法、气动式按需喷射法及雾化法相比较,在诸多方面显示出脉冲微孔喷射法的独特优点.与此同时,分别讨论了脉冲微孔喷射技术在增材制造方面的潜在应用,可直接使用微米级粒子作为增材制造用粉体以及液滴沉积成型.鉴于脉冲微孔喷射技术的独特性,可以预见随着研究的不断深入,脉冲微孔喷射技术将在增材制造方面具有更加广阔的发展空间和应用前景.     

7YSZ coating prepared by PS-PVD based on heterogeneous nucleation

Plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) as a novel coating process based on low-pressure plasma spray (LPPS) has been significantly used for thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A coating can be deposited from liquid splats, nano-sized clusters, and the vapor phase forming different structured coatings, which shows obvious advantages in contrast to conventional technologies like atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). In addition, it can be used to produce thin, dense, and porous ceramic coatings for special applications because of its special characteristics, such as high power, very low pressure, etc. These provide new opportunities to obtain different advanced microstructures, thus to meet the growing requirements of modern functional coatings. In this work, focusing on exploiting the potential of gas-phase deposition from PS-PVD, a series of 7YSZ coating experiments with various process conditions was performed in order to better understand the deposition process in PS-PVD, where coatings were deposited on different substrates including graphite and zirconia. Meanwhile, various substrate temperatures were investigated for the same substrate. As a result, a deposition mechanism of heterogeneous nucleation has been presented showing that surface energy is an important influencing factor for coating structures. Besides, undercooling of the interface between substrate and vapor phase plays an important role in coating structures.     

Coating deposition regularity depended on orientation difference in PS-PVD plasma jet

The YSZ coatings are prepared by the plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) technology based on a specific experimental design. The structure, thickness and growth angle of YSZ coatings on the entire circumferential surface of the cylindrical sample are studied. The results indicated that the structure, thickness and deflection growth angle of YSZ coatings are related to the orientation of deposition location. The numerical simulation of the multiphase mixed fluid near the substrate is carried out and the deposition regularity and mechanism of YSZ coatings prepared by PS-PVD is deduced. The growth rate is related to the local characteristics of the plasma flow field, and is directly proportional to the field pressure and inversely proportional to the field velocity. The growth angle of the coating is generally affected by the flow direction of the plasma jet. Especially, the normal component of velocity vector, V_norm, mainly affects the speed at which the coating grows vertically upwards. The tangential component of velocity vector, V_tan, determines the degree that the coating growth direction deviates from the vertical direction. When V_tan ≠ 0, the coating forms a fine column with a certain deflection angle and finally develops into an oblique columnar structure.     

喷管喉部沉积层的初始沉积速度预估

本文以两种理论分析方法分析了固体火箭发动机喷管喉部沉积层的形成规律.其一,针对喉部沉积层是喉部上游沉积物流动的结果的论点,以粘性层流理论分析了液体薄层的流动性质,并对此论点提出了不同看法.其二,以粒子的宏观运动规律出发,推导粒子的初始沉积速度公式,并取得成功.从而弥补了在沉积问题的理论分析中必须借助于实验资料的不足.     

离子束增强沉积TiB2薄膜的耐蚀性能研究

研究了在紫铜基材上用离子束增强沉积法（ＩＢＥＤ）沉积ＴｉＢ２薄膜后，在６００，７００和８００℃的空气中氧化的动力学曲线；在ＩＮＨ２ＳＯ４溶液中，用动电位扫描法测定了其极化曲线和极化阻力，用ＳＥＭ观察了其形貌，用俄歇电子谱仪（ＡＥＳ）分析了膜的成份，用Ｘ－射线衍射仪（ＸＲＤ）研究了膜的微观结构；讨论了ＴｉＢ２薄膜具有优良耐蚀性的机理。     

污染物沉积和热障涂层脱落对气膜冷却效率影响的数值研究

污染物沉积到有热障涂层的涡轮叶片上之后,会导致叶片表面状况的改变,进而影响气膜冷却效率。为分析影响规律,利用三维数值计算研究了3种典型情况下的气膜冷却特性:污染物沉积、热障涂层脱落及气膜孔堵塞,并得到了吹风比的影响规律。研究结果表明,平板气膜冷却吹风比为0.5时,冷却效果最佳;在发生沉积和堵塞后,气膜孔附近产生的反旋涡对会削弱沉积和堵塞后的气膜冷却效率,沉积高度增加会强化这种削弱效果;由于在沉积情况下高吹风比会诱导出正向旋涡使得气膜贴近壁面,因此随着吹风比增大,气膜冷却效果增强;因涂层脱落而在孔下游产生的裂纹在低吹风比时会降低冷却效率,高吹风比时改进冷却效果,使得最佳吹风比由0.5上升到0.7左右;气膜孔堵塞会降低冷却效率,使得气膜更易脱离壁面。      

Ni-Co-P 化学镀工艺优化及性能研究

以A3钢为基底进行化学复合镀Ni-Co-P,采用正交试验法得到了一种Ni-Co-P的最佳配方及工艺条件,并对镀层的形貌、硬度、厚度、结合力、耐蚀性等进行了检测和分析。实验得出了最佳配方及工艺条件:硫酸镍35.0 g/L,硫酸钴4.0 g/L,次亚磷酸钠30.0 g/L,柠檬酸三钠60.0 g/L,硼酸35.0 g/L,乳酸12.0m L/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.05 g/L,硫脲2 mg/L,p H值为7.0,温度90℃,施镀时间2 h。在该条件下,镀层沉积速率较快,可达89.83 g/(m2·h),镀层具有较强的耐蚀性,硫酸铜点滴时间可达285 s;该镀层表面分布均匀,孔隙率分布较小,与基体结合力较好。     

船舶燃气轮机U型肋通道的颗粒沉积特性研究

为了探究船舶燃气轮机内部冷却通道的颗粒沉积特性,本研究从随压气机抽取的气体进入冷却涡轮内部冷却通道内的颗粒动力学特性及颗粒与壁面相互作用特性出发,基于高温壁面建立速度场影响的沉积模型,利用用户自定义函数实现沉积模型与CFD程序的嵌套。并简化船舶燃气轮机内部冷却通道,选取了在气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=90°时,下游肋倾角α不同(α=30°,45°,60°,75°,90°),及在下游肋倾角α=60°时,气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β不同(β=30°,45°,60°,75°,90°)的八种不同内冷结构进行数值计算。研究表明,在气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=90°不变时,随着下游肋倾角由α=90°减到α=30°时,弯头壁面换热性能和沉积率逐渐呈下降趋势,下游肋与肋之间壁面上颗粒的撞击率逐渐上升。下游肋倾角α=60°,气膜孔与壁面之间夹角β=45°的U型肋通道,在八个内冷结构中弯头壁面沉积率最少,换热性能最好,是能够有效改善船舶燃气轮机冷却涡轮的海洋环境工作适应性,减少内部冷却通道中颗粒沉积的内冷结构。