A simple control law for reducing the effective characteristic acceleration of a solar sail

The direction and magnitude of a solar sail acceleration are strongly related. For this reason, once the characteristic acceleration has been fixed, it is not possible to modulate the acceleration in a particular direction. In this work, a semi-analytical switching control law is derived, enabling a solar sail to emulate a smaller effective characteristic acceleration (without changes in geometry or optical properties); by periodically changing the pitch (cone) angle of the sail, in average over time, the acceleration produced by the sail matches exactly (in both direction and magnitude) that of a “smaller” sail. The range in which this is possible is determined, and the limitations on this range due to the size difference is computed. The method is validated on optimal Earth-Mars trajectories.     

Evaluation method for helicopter maritime search and rescue response plan with uncertainty

Helicopter plays an increasingly significant role in Maritime Search and Rescue (MSAR), and it will perform MSAR mission based on response plans when an accident occurs. Thus the rationality of response plan determines the success of MSAR mission to a large extent. However, with the impact of many uncertainty factors, it is difficult to evaluate response plans comprehensively before performing them. Aiming at these problems, an evaluation framework of helicopter MSAR response plan named UMAD is proposed in this paper, which reveals the influence mechanism of uncertainty factors based on Multi-Agent method and analyzes the mission flow based on Discrete Event System (DEVS) method. Furthermore, the evaluation criterion and indicators of response plan are extracted from the aspects of safety and effectiveness. Meanwhile, the Monte Carlo method is adapted to calculate the probability distribution and robustness of response plan comprehensive result. Finally, in order to illustrate the validity of this method, it is discussed and verified by an application example of evaluating multiple response plans to the same MSAR scenario. The results show that this method can analyze the influence of uncertainty more systematically and optimize response plans more comprehensively.     

50吨级氢氧火箭发动机的设计与研制

系统性地回顾了长征五号运载火箭芯一级50t级氢氧火箭发动机YF-77的设计与研制历程。通过分析氢氧发动机的特点以及国内外氢氧发动机的发展现状，阐述了国内新一代运载火箭研发的技术路线和50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制背景；对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的总体技术方案及其特点进行了分析与总结，并在此基础上对发动机主要组件的技术方案及其特点开展分析；对发动机热试车情况、可靠性验证情况和故障排除情况进行了分析；对50t级氢氧火箭发动机的研制情况、技术特点进行了总结，并对国内氢氧发动机和液氧/甲烷发动机的发展进行了展望。     

Civil unmanned aircraft system operation in national airspace: A survey from Air Navigation Service Provider perspective

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UASs) have advanced technologically and surged exponentially over recent years. Currently, due to safety concerns, most civil operations of UAS are conducted in low-level uncontrolled area or in segregated controlled airspace. As the industry progresses, both operational and technological capabilities have matured to the point where UASs are expected to gain greater freedom of access to both controlled and uncontrolled airspace. Extensive technical and regulatory surveys have been conducted to enable the expanded operations. However, most surveys are derived from the perspective of UAS own operating mechanism and barely consider interactions of their non-segregated activities with the Air Traffic Management (ATM) system. Hence, to fill the gap, this paper presents a survey conducted from the perspective of Air Navigation Service Provider (ANSP), which serves to accommodate these new entrants to the overall national airspace while continuing flight safety and efficiency. The primary objectives of this paper are to: (A) describe what typical ANSP-supplied UAS Traffic Management (UTM) architecture is required to facilitate all types of civil UAS operations; (B) identify three major ANSP considerations on how UAS can be accommodated safely in civil airspace; (C) outline future directions and challenges related with UAS operations for the ANSP.     

基于位移和力值组合的静重式力标准机砝码加卸载控制方法研究

介绍了一种基于位移和力值组合的静重式力标准机砝码加卸载的控制方法，通过监测砝码的移动量和参考力传感器叠加系统的力值量，实时调整加卸载机构的加卸载速度，以实现对被检力传感器的平滑加卸载的目的。该方法有效解决了吊挂在加载过程中产生较大摆动，影响力标准机复现力值准确度的问题，同时也消除了力值过冲现象，避免了因逆程效应而导致的力传感器输出偏差。     

基于概率的运载火箭控制系统设计方法研究

针对传统的控制系统极限偏差设计方法导致运载火箭余量大、总体性能下降的问题,综述了基于概率的控制系统设计方法的国内外研究现状,论述了运载火箭控制系统概率设计的基本思想及设计流程,基于概率密度函数建模理论,建立了通过实际控制指令来控制概率密度函数拟合权值的状态空间,并基于最小二乘方法对状态空间中的参数进行了辨识,进而建立了密度函数成型控制模型,提出了基于最优控制理论的运载火箭控制器设计方法,最后通过仿真验证了理论方法的有效性,为我国运载火箭控制系统的精细化设计提供了理论依据。     

Designing method of acceleration and deceleration control schedule for variable cycle engine

Studies show that different geometries of a Variable Cycle Engine (VCE) can be adjusted during the transient stage of the engine operation to improve the engine performance. However, this improvement increases the complexity of the acceleration and deceleration control schedule. In order to resolve this problem, the Transient-state Reverse Method (TRM) is established in the present study based on the Steady-state Reverse Method (SRM) and the Virtual Power Extraction Method (VPEM). The state factors in the component-based engine performance models are replaced by variable geometry parameters to establish the TRM for a double bypass VCE. Obtained results are compared with the conventional component-based model from different aspects, including the accuracy and the convergence rate. The TRM is then employed to optimize the control schedule of a VCE. Obtained results show that the accuracy and the convergence rate of the proposed method are consistent with that of the conventional model. On the other hand, it is found that the new-model-optimized control schedules reduce the acceleration and deceleration time by 45% and 54%, respectively. Meanwhile, the surge margin of compressors, fuel–air ratio and the turbine inlet temperature maintained are within the acceptable criteria. It is concluded that the proposed TRM is a powerful method to design the acceleration and deceleration control schedule of the VCE.     

无人机用燃料电池阴极供气系统建模与控制

燃料电池因其高效、无污染、噪声小等特点，被认为是未来最具有潜力的无人机（UAV）用动力源，燃料电池阴极供气系统的控制技术是决定燃料电池系统性能和可靠性的关键。针对无人机用质子交换膜燃料电池（PEMFC）阴极供气系统，首先，考虑外界温度、压力、空气密度以及雷诺数等随高度变化的参数，建立了跨高度离心空压机模型并分析了其在不同高度下的工作特性，基于无刷直流电机反电势特征构建了高速空压机驱动电机模型。其次，通过计算燃料电池阴极氧气和氮气的动态分压获取了PEMFC电堆输出电压。设计了基于分数阶PI^λD^μ的过氧比和阴极气压控制方法，驱动电机采用有限集模型预测控制（MPC）实现快速的转矩响应，仿真结果表明设计的控制器可在无人机跨高度运行条件下实现过氧比的快速调节，同时维持阴极气压稳定，满足燃料电池阴极供气需求。     

Reconfigurable fault-tolerant control for supersonic missiles with actuator failures under actuation redundancy

Aircraft undergoing actuator failures into under-actuation have been seldom studied in literature. Aiming at addressing actuator failures of Total Loss of Effectiveness (TLOE) as well as Partial Loss of Effectiveness (PLOE) resulting in different system actuations, reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Control (FTC) is proposed for supersonic wingless missiles under actuation redundancy. The under-actuated system of TLOE failure patterns is solved by transformation to cascade systems through a ‘shape variable’. Meanwhile, actuator TLOE faults of different unknown failure patterns from proper actuation to under-actuation are accommodated by a reconfigurable adaptive law on a multiple-model basis. The backstepping technique with the Extended State Observer (ESO) method adopted as a basic strategy is applied to an established symmetric coupled missile system with actuator PLOE faults, modeling errors, and external disturbances. Additionally, the nonlinear saturation characteristics of actuators are settled by an auxiliary system with the Nussbaum function technique. The stability of the control system is analyzed and proven through Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulations are implemented in the presences of aerodynamic uncertainties, gust disturbance, and actuator failures. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with satisfactory tracking performance and actuator fault tolerance capacity.     

基于故障行为的惯导产品贮存寿命试验设计

以典型惯导产品加速度计贮存寿命评估为例，提出了一种基于故障行为模型的加速退化试验设计方法，解决了缺乏预试验数据情况下试验应力水平设计的问题。在通过对产品特性和主机理分析基础上，确定表征产品贮存寿命特征参数及试验应力，构建了考虑材料等分散性的加速度计故障行为模型，用以描述参数加速时变规律的特性。在试验应力最高水平确定的情况下，基于给定置信度和故障行为模型，以高应力水平下退化量的置信下限与低应力水平下退化量的置信上限不交叉为原则，采用基于仿真的加速退化试验设计方法，优化确定低应力和中间应力水平，从而设计给出试验剖面，并给出了加速退化试验方案优选流程，最终从备选方案集中确定加速度计试验最优方案。通过实际案例分析，验证了该方法的有效性。