低轨Walker星座构型偏置维持控制方法分析

针对低轨（low earth orbit,LEO）Walker星座构型稳定性维持问题，分析了低轨卫星的轨道摄动和星座构型稳定性的影响因素。通过分析低轨Walker星座的轨道摄动和相对漂移特点，提出了两次偏置策略。首先，依据未偏置时星座相对漂移量拟合得出第一次偏置时的偏置量。然后利用第一次偏置后的相对漂移量拟合得出第二次偏置量，消除残余项影响。两次偏置量叠加，使相对漂移大大降低。结果表明，低轨Walker星座中各卫星的初始参数偏差造成了升交点赤经和沿迹角相对漂移的发散，两次偏置策略可将两种星座的相对漂移量降至0.1°以下，证明了策略的有效性，提高了星座构型稳定性。     

Statistical characteristics of low latitude Pc4s: Influence of solar wind and IMF parameters

Pc4 signatures for the year 2013, extracted from geomagnetic north–south and east–west components of induction coil magnetometer (LEMI 30) from low latitude station Desalpar (DSP), operated by Institute of Seismological Research (ISR), India have been investigated vis-à-vis the prevalent interplanetary parameters (IMF) as well as the geomagnetic activity indices. A clear dominance of Pc4-5 (467 events) over Pc3 (17 events) is observed. Local time variation of Pc4 shows a peak in the noon sector in both X and Y components. Our investigations show that the dominant peak frequency is 10 mHz at low latitude region. Correlations with solar wind and IMF parameters illustrate highest occurrence of Pc4 for a solar wind speed of 300–400 km/s and average IMF B field of 3–6 nT. The amplitude of Pc4s at DSP shows an increase with increasing solar wind speed, plasma density, solar wind dynamic pressure and average B field which is also reflected in the trend of frequency variation of these pulsations. We report that IMF clock angle at low latitude does not have influence on Pc4 occurrence. Based on the characteristics of these events, detected in latitudinally distributed stations from low and mid-latitudes from northern and southern hemisphere, we infer that modes were compressional, which could be driven by K-H instability or solar wind dynamic pressure, as compressional modes can propagate to low latitude with little attenuation.     

Real-time clock comparison and monitoring with multi-GNSS precise point positioning: GPS,GLONASS and Galileo

The precise point positioning (PPP) technique is widely used in time and frequency applications. Because of the real-time service (RTS) project of the International GNSS Service, we can use the PPP technique for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. As a participant in the RTS, the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) implements the PPPWIZARD (Precise Point Positioning with Integer and Zero-difference Ambiguity Resolution Demonstrator) project to validate carrier phase ambiguity resolution. Unlike the Integer-PPP (IPPP) of the CNES, fixing ambiguities in the post-processing mode, the PPPWIZARD operates in the real-time mode, which is also called real-time IPPP (RT-IPPP). This paper focuses on applying the RT-IPPP for real-time clock comparison and monitoring. We review the principle of real-time clock comparison and monitoring, and introduce the methodology of the RT-IPPP technique. The observations of GPS, GLONASS and Galileo were processed for the experiments. Five processing modes were provided in the experiment to analyze the benefits of ambiguity resolution and multi-GNSS. In the clock comparison experiment, the average reduction ratios of standard deviations with respect to the G PPP mode range from 9.7% to 35.0%. In the clock monitoring experiment, G PPP mode can detect clock jumps whose magnitudes are larger than 0.9 ns. The RT-IPPP technique with GRE PPP AR (G) mode allows for the detection of any clock jumps larger than 0.6 ns. For frequency monitoring, G PPP mode allows detection of frequency changes larger than 1.1 × 10⁻¹⁴. When the RT-IPPP technique is applied, monitoring with GRE PPP AR (G) mode can detect frequency changes larger than 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁵.     

Evaluation of a regional real-time precise positioning system based on GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia

The performance of real-time (RT) precise positioning can be improved by utilizing observations from multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instead of one particular system. Since the end of 2012, BeiDou, independently established by China, began to provide operational services for users in the Asia-Pacific regions. In this study, a regional RT precise positioning system is developed to evaluate the performance of GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia in providing high precision positioning services for users. Fixing three hourly updated satellite orbits, RT correction messages are generated and broadcasted by processing RT observation/navigation data streams from the national network of GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Stations in Australia (AUSCORS) at the server side. At the user side, RT PPP is realized by processing RT data streams and the RT correction messages received. RT clock offsets, for which the accuracy reached 0.07 and 0.28?ns for GPS and BeiDou, respectively, can be determined. Based on these corrections, an accuracy of 12.2, 30.0 and 45.6?cm in the North, East and Up directions was achieved for the BeiDou-only solution after 30 min while the GPS-only solution reached 5.1, 15.3 and 15.5?cm for the same components at the same time. A further improvement of 43.7, 36.9 and 45.0 percent in the three directions, respectively, was achieved for the combined GPS/BeiDou solution. After the initialization process, the North, East and Up positioning accuracies were 5.2, 8.1 and 17.8?cm, respectively, for the BeiDou-only solution, while 1.5, 3.0, and 4.7?cm for the GPS-only solution. However, we only noticed a 20.9% improvement in the East direction was obtained for the GPS/BeiDou solution, while no improvements in the other directions were detected. It is expected that such improvements may become bigger with the increasing accuracy of the BeiDou-only solution.     

导风轮叶片偏置对高压比串列离心压气机性能的影响

为提升高压比串列离心压气机的性能,借鉴常规一体化离心叶轮中偏置分流叶片的方法,针对某高压比串列离心压气机,应用数值仿真手段分析了串列叶轮中导风轮叶片周向偏置对压气机流场和性能的影响。通过对不同导风轮叶片偏置方案下压气机流场的分析,建立了压气机流动损失与偏置参数的关联性。研究表明:采用较大的偏置参数γ可降低导风轮叶片1前缘的激波强度,改善激波作用导致的泄漏涡破碎和流动分离,但过大或过小的γ方案中导风轮叶顶会出现二次泄漏致使低能流体的掺混损失增加;γ=65%方案压气机综合性能最佳,其压比和效率较γ=50%分别提高了1.5%和1.4%;对于串列离心压气机导风轮叶片周向位置的优化,在避免导风轮叶顶形成较强二次泄漏的前提下,应考虑采用较大的偏置参数γ,同时应防止诱导轮尾迹流体参与导风轮的叶顶泄漏。     

前飞速度和升力偏置量对共轴刚性旋翼气动特性影响分析

共轴刚性旋翼前飞状态的气动特性主要由工况环境中的来流速度、密度和桨叶的翼型配置、弦长分布和扭转分布等气动布局参数决定。气动布局参数的综合影响决定了共轴刚性旋翼的的升力偏置量。了解前飞速度和升力偏置量对前飞性能的影响规律有利于设计更适合于高速飞行的共轴刚性旋翼。因此,本文通过求解可压雷诺平均N-S(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)方程对4 m直径的由两副2片矩形桨叶旋翼构成的共轴刚性旋翼模型的前飞流场进行了数值模拟,获得了不同前进比下的气动力并对不同升力偏置量下的旋翼性能进行了对比。数值模拟结果表明,随前进比增大,桨叶展向拉力分布更加趋于合理,拉力中心向桨叶中段移动,可以充分给桨尖卸载;旋翼升力主要由前行侧桨叶提供,升力偏置量过大容易产生激波诱导失速,不利于高速前飞。     

一种叶片截面线光顺及等距面生成方法

采用等距面生成球头刀加工刀具轨迹是曲面加工中一种常用的方法。但是,在对叶身曲面进行等距偏置时,经常出现无法偏置的问题。针对该问题,分析了曲面偏置自相交原因,并根据叶片类零件叶身曲面的特点,提出了一种叶身截面线光顺及等距面生成方法。该方法首先采用Kjellander方法将原始截面线进行自动光顺,然后根据光顺后的原始截面线和数据采样法构造偏置截面线,最后通过截面线放样法构造叶身曲面等距面。实例表明,采用Kjellander方法可以实现叶片曲面的自动光顺和叶片曲面等距面的构造。     

锯齿扁管内沸腾换热试验

建立以等热流密度方式进行试验件加热的沸腾换热试验系统,分别对当量直径为1.28mm和1.59mm锯齿扁管内R134a工质的沸腾换热特性进行研究,试验参数范围:制冷剂质量流率为68.5~305.5kg/(m2·s),工作饱和压力为0.27~0.46 MPa,加热热流密度为9~42kW/m2。试验结果表明:相同结构的通道,当量直径小换热能力更强;热流密度和饱和压力对沸腾换热的影响与一个干度值有关。当干度小于此值时,沸腾换热系数会随着热流密度及饱和压力增大而增大;而当干度大于此值时,沸腾换热系数随着干度增大而急剧下降,热流密度和饱和压力对换热的影响较小;该干度值会随着热流密度或饱和压力增大而逐渐变小。质量流率对沸腾换热的影响与热流密度有关,随着热流密度增大,质量流率的影响趋向大干度区域。通过分析各参数对沸腾换热的影响,建立了一个预测试验工况下微小尺寸锯齿扁管的沸腾换热系数计算经验公式。     

一种凹多边形凸分解的全局剖分算法

提出了一种凹多边形凸分解的全局剖分算法。首先对局部剖分算法的原理及存在的问题进行了阐述,并对基于正负法搜索可视点串的算法进行了更正和改进,然后利用改进的权函数从全局剖分的角度选择最优的剖分点进行剖分。同局部剖分算法相比,提高了剖分后所得的多边形形态质量。该算法主要作为轮廓偏置算法的前期处理算法,对原轮廓进行分解,提高了原轮廓多边形进行轮廓偏置算法的运行效率。     

时钟树综合中的有效时钟偏移

随着芯片设计向更高的频率发展,传统的时钟树综合策略是尽量减小时钟偏移,但是这样的时钟树综合策略已经逐渐不能满足时序收敛的需要,因此引入了有效时钟偏移的概念。文章通过一个在TSMC0．13μm工艺并流片成功的芯片BES7000作为设计实例,分析了有效时钟偏移引入之后对改进时序建立时间的效果。