Microstructural characterization and mechanical behavior analysis of 7075-T6 aluminum subjected to simulated lightning strikes

Aircrafts damages caused by lightning strikes have been known since the early days of aviation. However, the physical effects on the aircraft structure are still being investigated. This work seeks to evaluate the lightning strike effects in the aluminum alloy 7075-T6. Samples were submitted to lightning strike simulation in laboratory and the damages evaluated through characterization techniques. Ultrasound and profilometry tests have shown material loss to 0.272 mm depth in the damaged region. In addition, it was detected the material accumulation occurrence in the damage vicinity of the region. Below the damage, it was found a region where metallurgical changes were identified. The tensile and microhardness tests results have shown reduction in the percentage elongation and hardness increasing in the material affected by lightning. These results are corroborated by the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld Method (red line) that indicated an increasing in dislocation density and micro-deformation in the material matrix. Optical microscopy results have shown the presence of microcracks on the normal and cross-section surface of the samples damaged. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDXS) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction Test (EBSD) found coarse intermetallic phases and precipitates compounds with dimensions greater than 1 μm in length. They were responsible for nucleation of the microcracks that propagate along the material grain boundaries.     

及物性系统视角下的海盗形象——对史蒂文森《金银岛》中荒岛怪人的文体分析

史蒂文森的《金银岛》是一部广为传阅的荒岛文学作品。其中，荒岛怪人本·冈恩人物形象鲜明。本文从及物性系统的角度分析了本·冈恩落魄的出场和容貌、不同寻常的言语行为以及具有戏剧效应的人物事迹，解析该人物令人印象深刻的文本原因。     

Microstructure and Optical Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered NbN Thin Films

Some fundamental studies on the preparation, structure and optical properties of NbN films were carried out. NbN thin films were deposited by DC reactive magnetron sputtering at different N2 partial pressures and different substrate temperatures ranging from –50 ℃ to 600 ℃. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize their phase com- ponents, microstructures, grain sizes and surface morphology. Optical properties inclusive of refractive indexes, extinction coefficients and transmittance of the NbN films under different sputtering conditions were measured. With the increase in the N2 partial pressure, δ-NbN phase structure gets forming and the grain size and lattice constant of the cubic NbN increasing. The deposited NbN film has relatively high values of refractive index and extinction coefficient in the wavelength ranging from 240 nm to 830 nm. Substrate tem- perature exerts notable influences on the microstructure and optical transmittance of the NbN films. The grain sizes of the δ-NbN film remarkably increase with the rise of the substrate temperature, while the transmittance of the films with the same thickness decreases. Ultra-fine granular film with particle size of several nanometers forms when the substrate is cooled to –50 ℃, and a remarkable aug- mentation of transmittance could be noticed under so low a temperature.     

高分子纳米复合材料研究进展(Ⅰ)──高分子纳米复合材料的制备、表征和应用前景

综述了高分子纳米复合材料的发展研究现状,将高分子纳米复合材料的制备方法分为四大类：纳米单元与高分子直接共混（内含纳米单元的制备及其表面改性方法）;在高分子基体中原位生成纳米单元;在纳米单元存在下单体分子原位聚合生成高分子及纳米单元和高分子同时生成。介绍了高分子纳米复合材料的表征技术及其应用前景。     

Plasma Niobium Surface Alloying of Pure Titanium and its Oxidation at 900 ℃

A niobium-modified layer on pure titanium surface was obtained by means of double glow plasma surface alloying technique. The modified layer was uniform, continuous, compact and well adhered to the substrate. The niobium composition in the modified layer decreased gradually from the surface to the substrate. The oxidation behavior of the niobium-modified layer was investigated and compared with the untreated surface at 900 ℃ for 100 h. Characterization of the layers was performed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, respectively. The test results show that the oxidation behavior of pure titanium was improved by niobium alloying process. Niobium has a positive influence on the oxidation resistance.     

碳纳米管在环氧树脂中的分散性

通过调整工艺条件,制得不同分散性的碳管改性环氧树脂,分别采用静置观察法、黏度法、细度法对分散性进行宏观表征。结果表明:碳管的分散性越好,环氧树脂的黏度越大、细度越低、保存时间越长;三种方法均可以表征碳纳米管的分散均匀性;黏度法和细度法可以实现碳管分散性的快速评价,但均需找出具体的评价标准。通过建立刮板细度与碳管分散性的对应关系,可以快速表征碳管的分散性,简便易行。     

高分子纳米复合材料研究进展(Ⅰ)──高分子纳米复合材料的制备、表征和应用前景

综述了高分子纳米复合材料的发展研究现状,将高分子纳米复合材料的制备方法分为四大类：纳米单元与高分子直接共混（内含纳米单元的制备及其表面改性方法）;在高分子基体中原位生成纳米单元;在纳米单元存在下单体分子原位聚合生成高分子及纳米单元和高分子同时生成。介绍了高分子纳米复合材料的表征技术及其应用前景。     

基于纹理合成优化算法的多相非均质材料二维微观结构表征与重建

材料微观结构表征与重建(Microstructure characterization and reconstruction,MCR)可用于建立加工-结构-属性(Processing-Structure-Property,PSP)关系,已成为计算材料学与材料设计的研究重点。通过阈值分割将多相非均质材料的金相照片识别为由不同相构成的纹理,结合多分辨率高斯金字塔进行重建。以各相占比为目标参数,对颗粒补充后的重建结果进行面积分数迭代优化,提出了一种面积分数可控的MCR纹理合成算法。利用该优化算法对多相非均质铝硅聚苯酯(AlSi-PHB)封严涂层微观组织进行表征重建,PHB和孔隙两相的两点相关函数计算结果证实了算法的有效性。在此基础上,将两组金相照片作为原始图像,重建20组模型,重建结果的两点相关函数误差最大为8.8×10^-5。本研究为多相非均质材料的准确重建提供了解决途径。     

航空铝合金材料低温裂纹扩展研究现状与展望

铝合金材料由于具有强度高和易加工等优势,已广泛应用于航空工程领域,低温是航空铝合金材料使 用中不可避免的环境因素,低温下航空铝合金材料的裂纹扩展行为得到国内外学者和工程界的广泛关注和大 量研究。本文综述航空铝合金材料的低温裂纹扩展进展,梳理航空铝合金材料的低温裂纹扩展试验研究状况, 归纳低温断裂失效机理,总结低温裂纹扩展模型表征和寿命评估方法,并展望进一步研究方向,为航空铝合金 材料工程设计和应用提供帮助。     

一种基于雷达波束驻留模式的空间碎片轨道参数估计方法

利用窄波束的单脉冲精密跟踪雷达波束驻留模式进行碎片探测是空间碎片环境统计特征描述的一种重要途径。由于该模式观测弧段极短，且无法获取同一目标的多个弧段，因而利用常规定轨方法难以达到理想的效果。在圆轨道假设下，提出了一种利用波束驻留模式获取的单个极短弧计算碎片轨道高度和倾角的方法。首先利用碎片的距离确定其轨道高度；在此基础上，根据推导出的不同波束指向时碎片的距离变化率与轨道倾角的关系，得出其轨道倾角。该方法对于正南、正东指向的雷达波束驻留模式均适用，其中正南指向时还需利用方位角和仰角数据来区分轨道倾角与补角；但不适用于波束指向天顶的情况。仿真结果验证了方法的有效性。