CFRP反射器型面主动控制和作动器位置优化

研究了运用压电陶瓷作动器对碳纤维增强复合材料（CFRP）格栅反射器的型面主动控制。首先，采用了一种具有独立电压自由度的梁单元，以及考虑高阶剪切变形的板单元，对主控格栅反射器进行有限元建模；运用能量变分哈密尔顿原理推导了主控格栅反射器的有限元控制方程，并给出了反射面型面残余均方根（RMS）误差最小的电压最优控制方法。然后，研究了在典型载荷下，反射面残余RMS误差最小的PZT作动器位置分布的优化配置问题；提出了一种将遗传算法和梯度投影方法相结合的改进优化方法，用来求出在限定作动器数量的条件下，作动器几何位置的优化配置，使控制后反射面的残余RMS误差最小；给出的数值算例验证了方法的正确性和有效性。最后，研制了格栅反射器型面主动控制的实验样机，针对反射器的初始制造误差进行了型面主动控制，验证了控制方法的可行性和有效性。     

Numerical study on flow fields and aerodynamics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode based on embedded grid and actuator model

A method combining rotor actuator disk model and embedded grid technique is presented in this paper, aimed at predicting the flow fields and aerodynamic characteristics of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode more efficiently and effectively. In this method, rotor's influence is considered in terms of the momentum it impacts to the fluid around it; transformation matrixes among different coordinate systems are deduced to extend actuator method's utility to conversion mode flow fields' calculation. Meanwhile, an embedded grid system is designed, in which grids generated around fuselage and actuator disk are regarded as background grid and minor grid respectively, and a new method is presented for ‘donor searching' and ‘hole cutting' during grid assembling. Based on the above methods, flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft in conversion mode are simulated, with threedimensional Navier–Stokes equations discretized by a second-order upwind finite-volume scheme and an implicit lower–upper symmetric Gauss–Seidel(LU-SGS) time-stepping scheme. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CFD method is very effective in simulating the conversion mode flow fields of tilt rotor aircraft.     

栅格翼展开等效试验方法研究

为了在运载器真实飞行前对栅格翼展开过程和系统力学性能进行考核，针对现有模拟试验方法不能有效模拟飞行工况栅格翼在气动力作用下展开过程及该过程对壳体和栅格翼的冲击的问题提出了一种等效试验方法，试验结果表明具有很好的可行性和有效性，为后续类似试验提供了有益的参考。     

A fast and automatic full-potential finite volume solver on Cartesian grids for unconventional configurations

To meet the requirements of fast and automatic computation of subsonic and transonic aerodynamics in aircraft conceptual design,a novel finite volume solver for full potential flows on adaptive Cartesian grids is developed in this paper.Cartesian grids with geometric adaptation are firstly generated automatically with boundary cells processed by cell-cutting and cell-merging algo rithms.The nonlinear full potential equation is discretized by a finite volume scheme on these Cartesian grids and iteratively solved in an implicit fashion with a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) algorithm.During computation,solution-based mesh adaptation is also applied so as to capture flow features more accurately.An improved ghost-cell method is proposed to implement the non-penetration wall boundary condition where the velocity-potential of a ghost cell is modified by an analytic method instead.According to the characteristics of the Cartesian grids,the Kutta condition is applied by specially computing the gradients on Kutta-faces without directly assigning the potential jump to cells adjacent wake faces,which can significantly improve the solution con verging speed.The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are validated by several typical cases of sub/transonic flows around an ONERA M6 wing,a DLR-F4 wing-body,and an unconventional figuration of a blended wing body (BWB).The validation cases demonstrate a fast convergence with fully automatic grid treatment and computation,and the results suggest its capacity in application for aircraft conceptual design.     

流向强迫作用下的液体初始雾化机制及动力学特征

使用Volume of fluid (VOF)方法和基于树形数据结构的自适应算法来研究射流雾化的破碎过程以及扰动对射流破碎机理产生的影响。在无扰动情况下,液体射流的头部、液丝和液滴随着射流时间的发展不断发生演变。射流头部先呈现蘑菇状外形,随后液丝生成,并慢慢转变成网兜状,直至断裂形成小液滴。在周期性流向强迫的作用下,射流液柱的表面会形成周期波,其液丝破裂形成液滴的时机与稳定射流情形相比会有所提前,射流形成的头部更趋于扁平,最终生成的液滴数量更多。低中频阶段,随着扰动频率的增大,射流未扰动液柱长度(L)逐渐缩短,液滴直径的概率密度分布(PDF)趋于尖锐,液滴平均直径(SMD)增大。在高频阶段,随着扰动频率的增大,L会随之增大,液滴直径的PDF分布变得平缓,SMD会减小。     

CFRP钻削过程的切削热研究进展

以CFRP钻削加工过程的切削热和切削温度为研究对象,从其形成机理、产生的影响以及影响切削热的因素和控制切削热的方法四个方面进行了系统综述,对存在的问题进行了综合分析,并对今后研究方向进行了展望。     

Particle simulation of grid system for krypton ion thrusters

The transport processes of plasmas in grid systems of krypton (Kr) ion thrusters at different acceleration voltages were simulated with a 3D-PIC model, and the result was compared with xenon (Xe) ion thrusters. The variation of the screen grid transparency, the accelerator grid current ratio and the divergence loss were explored. It is found that the screen grid transparency increases with the acceleration voltage and decreases with the beam current, while the accelerator grid current ratio and divergence loss decrease first and then increase with the beam current. This result is the same with Xe ion thrusters. Simulation results also show that Kr ion thrusters have more advantages than Xe ion thrusters, such as higher screen grid transparency, smaller accelerator grid current ratio, larger cut-off current threshold, and better divergence loss characteristic. These advantages mean that Kr ion thrusters have the ability of operating in a wide range of current. Through comprehensive analyses, it can be concluded that using Kr as propellant is very suitable for a multi-mode ion thruster design.     

服务网格中面向业务用户的服务组合方法

服务网格环境中如何快速构建组合服务,为业务用户提供快速整合资源、配置集成化应用的平台,按需创建个性化应用,以降低大规模软件开发的成本、提高效率,成为了服务网格领域亟待解决的一个问题。提出了一种服务网格环境中面向业务用户的服务组合方法,它通过服务映射机制实现从业务用户所熟悉的业务服务到具体物理服务的映射;利用基于上下文的流程推导技术实现了组合业务服务流程向组合物理服务流程的映射;利用物理服务选取技术,生成能够最大限度满足用户需要的组合服务。研究表明该方法应用的原型系统,适用于普通业务用户,能够提高组合物理服务流程构建的效率。     

无人机类脑吸引子神经网络导航技术

当前无人机在非结构化或未知环境下飞行主要采用SLAM进行导航与定位，存在如下突出问题：依赖高精度昂贵激光雷达等环境感知传感器；需要建立准确世界和无人机物理模型；受环境影响较大；自主智能水平较低，无法较好地满足无人机对导航系统的要求，需要发展自主智能的导航方式。基于吸引子神经网络的类脑导航技术，无需训练模型参数，不依赖高精度传感器，无需精确建模，且复杂环境下鲁棒性较强，具有解决上述问题的潜力。简要阐述了动物大脑导航机理，分析了吸引子神经网络和基于吸引子神经网络的类脑导航关键技术，最后讨论了吸引子类脑导航技术在无人机应用中的挑战。     

浅析运输类飞机经济舱头排旅客座椅头部损伤判据的影响因素

介绍了头部损伤判据HIC的概念、适航要求及影响运输类飞机客舱头排旅客座椅HIC的相关参数;叙述了旅客座椅头排距、头部撞击壁板的刚度、安全带织带伸长率、乘坐摩擦系数等参数的影响和重要程度;对如何设计符合HIC要求的经济舱头排旅客座椅和壁板提出了建议。