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1.
陈以勒  俞凯凯  徐惊雷 《航空学报》2021,42(6):124259-124259
针对机体/推进系统一体化要求,提出了一种几何尺寸约束的超燃冲压发动机推力喷管设计方法,以实现在满足几何约束条件下优化喷管的气动性能。采用数值模拟对提出的设计方法展开了研究,在此过程中,首先校核了数值方法有效性并确定了网格分辨率。进一步就喷管设计过程中2个关键设计因子——比例因子和非对称因子开展了影响研究。最后为验证本文提出的设计方法的有效性和优越性,将其与典型截短设计方法进行对比分析。结果表明,相比截短方法,本文提出的设计方法不仅能够获得满足几何约束的喷管,同时可使喷管推力系数、升力和俯仰力矩分别提升33.36%、265.75%和37.21%。此外,本文提出的设计方法还可以通过调整设计因子来获得不同气动性能的喷管,进而满足应用过程中的实际需求。  相似文献   
2.
In this research, it is presented the daytime amplitude scintillations recorded at VHF frequency (244 MHz) at an Indian low-latitude station, Waltair (17.7°N, 83.3°E) during seven continuous years (1997–2003). Contrary to the nighttime scintillation seasonal trends, the occurrence of daytime scintillations maximizes during summer followed by winter and the equinox seasons. The fade depths, scintillation indices and the patch durations of daytime scintillations are meager when compared with their nighttime counterparts. A co-located digital high frequency (HF) ionosonde radar confirms the presence of sporadic (Es) layers when daytime scintillations are observed. The presence of daytime scintillations is evident when the critical frequency of the Es-layer (foEs) is ≥4 MHz and Es-layers are characterized by a highly diffuse range spread Es echoes as can be seen on ionograms. It is surmised that the gradient drift instability (GDI) seems to be the possible mechanism for the generation of these daytime scintillations. It is quite likely that the spread Es-F-layer coupling is done through polarization electric fields (Ep) that develop inside the destabilized patches of sporadic E layers, which are mapped up to the F region along the field lines as to initiate the daytime scintillations through the GDI mechanism. Further, the presence of additional stratification of ionosphere F-layer, popularly known as the F3-layer, is observed on ionograms once the Es-layers and daytime scintillations are ceased.  相似文献   
3.
We have developed a new approach towards a new database of the ionospheric parameter foF2. This parameter, being the frequency of the maximum of the ionospheric electronic density profile and its main modeller, is of great interest not only in atmospheric studies but also in the realm of radio propagation. The current databases, generated by CCIR (Committee Consultative for Ionospheric Radiowave propagation) and URSI (International Union of Radio Science), and used by the IRI (International Reference Ionosphere) model, are based on Fourier expansions and have been built in the 60s from the available ionosondes at that time. The main goal of this work is to upgrade the databases by using new available ionosonde data. To this end we used the IRI diurnal/spherical expansions to represent the foF2 variability, and computed its coefficients by means of a genetic algorithm (GA). In order to test the performance of the proposed methodology, we applied it to the South American region with data obtained by RAPEAS (Red Argentina para el Estudio de la Atmósfera Superior, i.e. Argentine Network for the Study of the Upper Atmosphere) during the years 1958–2009. The new GA coefficients provide a global better fit of the IRI model to the observed foF2 than the CCIR coefficients. Since the same formulae and the same number of coefficients were used, the overall integrity of IRI’s typical ionospheric feature representation was preserved. The best improvements with respect to CCIR are obtained at low solar activities, at large (in absolute value) modip latitudes, and at night-time. The new method is flexible in the sense that can be applied either globally or regionally. It is also very easy to recompute the coefficients when new data is available. The computation of a third set of coefficients corresponding to days of medium solar activity in order to avoid the interpolation between low and high activities is suggested. The same procedure as for foF2 can be perfomed to obtain the ionospheric parameter M(3000)F2.  相似文献   
4.
In our study we analyze and compare the response and behavior of the ionospheric F2 and of the sporadic E-layer during three strong (i.e., Dst?<??100nT) individual geomagnetic storms from years 2012, 2013 and 2015, winter time period. The data was provided by the state-of the art digital ionosonde of the Széchenyi István Geophysical Observatory located at midlatitude, Nagycenk, Hungary (IAGA code: NCK, geomagnetic latitude: 46.17° geomagnetic longitude: 98.85°). The local time of the sudden commencement (SC) was used to characterize the type of the ionospheric storm (after Mendillo and Narvaez, 2010). This way two regular positive phase (RPP) ionospheric storms and one no-positive phase (NPP) storm have been analyzed. In all three cases a significant increase in electron density of the foF2 layer can be observed at dawn/early morning (around 6:00 UT, 07:00 LT). Also we can observe the fade-out of the ionospheric layers at night during the geomagnetically disturbed time periods. Our results suggest that the fade-out effect is not connected to the occurrence of the sporadic E-layers.  相似文献   
5.
In this paper, we compared the F2-Layer critical frequency (foF2) derived from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC radio occultation (RO) and ionosondes at Chiang Mai, Chumphon and Kototabang during the years 2008–2015 to evaluate the performance of COSMIC RO over Southeast Asia region. The results show that the time development of foF2 values derived from COSMIC RO generally agrees well with those from ionosonde measurements. However, the differences between the foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that derived from ionosonde observations display latitudinal dependence. COSMIC RO tends to underestimate foF2 at Chiang Mai and Kototabang, which is near to the north EIA crest and the south one, respectively, while a little overestimate foF2 at Chumphon, which is close to the geomagnetic equator. COSMIC RO agrees best with ionosonde at Chumphon and worst at Chiang Mai. At each ionosonde station, the quality of COSMIC RO data degrades with the increase of solar activity. In addition, at the station Chiang Mai and Kototabang, COSMIC RO performs better in summer than in equinox and winter. Furthermore, the differences in foF2 derived from COSMIC RO and that from ionosonde measurements vary with local time, i.e., the differences in foF2 are generally smaller at night and larger in noontime when equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) is well developed.  相似文献   
6.
倒装焊工艺由于具有信号处理速度快、封装密度高、可靠性高等特点,已广泛应用于高密度集成电路封装工艺中。高可靠倒装焊器件的互连焊点通常采用10Sn90Pb等高铅焊料,该焊料具有剪切强度高、可靠性高等优点,但其熔点高、回流工艺窗口窄等特性给封装工艺带来一定难度,此外该焊料在高温存储环境的可靠性有待进一步提高。本文采用Ni元素对10Sn90Pb焊料进行改性,研究高温存储下Sn-Pb-Ni体系凸点的力学性能以及金属间化合物(Intermetallic compound,IMC)的生长演变规律,以此评估Ni元素对10Sn90Pb凸点可靠性的影响。主要结果如下:适量添加Ni元素可以细化10Sn90Pb焊点界面处IMC晶粒,降低高温存储条件下的IMC生长速度,但在一定程度上会降低凸点的剪切强度。0.05%~0.1%含量的Ni元素添加对10Sn90Pb凸点综合性能提升较为显著。  相似文献   
7.
周广飞  侯博川  杨建华  吴杨飞 《航空学报》2020,41(z1):723771-723771
多电机协调控制达到转速一致是电机控制中的一个关键难题,外加负载变动和电机参数变化时会引起电机性能的下降,达不到良好的控制效果。为使电机间保持转速同步,建立了永磁同步电机d-q坐标系下的矢量控制数学模型,基于转速跟随控制,提出一种基于单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器进行偏差耦合控制。在MATLAB/Simulink建立了3台永磁同步电机的仿真模型。仿真结果表明,与传统PID固定增益速度补偿器算法相比,单神经元PID的变增益速度补偿器具有更强的鲁棒性以及更快的收敛性。  相似文献   
8.
唐亮  李平  张锋  胡洪波 《推进技术》2020,41(5):1082-1088
测量液体火箭发动机的热载荷是获取燃烧室内部信息的重要方法。为了获取N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室内壁的热载荷,建立了液体火箭发动机的热流计算的反问题方法,该方法基于对燃烧室壁面温度场的直接求解,通过对轴向多个位置测量温度的反演计算得到燃烧室内壁热流和温度。研究表明:应用文中建立的传热反问题方法能够较为准确地获得热流随时间及空间的分布;热电偶的位置对计算准确性有明显的影响,与理论深度偏差在0.2mm以内的随机深度偏差可导致超过4%热流反演误差;N_2O/C_2H_4预混推进剂燃烧室热流及温度沿轴向逐渐降低,表明燃烧室内的反应释热过程主要在燃烧室头部附近发生。  相似文献   
9.
为了研究C/SiC复合材料紧固件的拉-拉疲劳行为,在疲劳应力比为0. 1、加载频率为10 Hz的条件下对不同应力水平的疲劳寿命进行统计。采用断口分析和金相分析方法对C/SiC复合材料螺钉疲劳破坏的细观机制进行了研究。结果表明:C/SiC复合材料螺钉拉-拉疲劳包含拉断疲劳及拉脱疲劳两种失效形式;基于双参数幂指数形式的寿命模型,两种失效形式的疲劳寿命经验公式相似;C/SiC复合材料螺钉的疲劳极限约为拉伸强度的65%~70%,若最大疲劳应力大于0. 7σmax,其材料损伤随循环次数增多而明显增大。  相似文献   
10.
Equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are common features of the equatorial and low-latitude ionosphere and are known to cause radio wave scintillation which leads to the degradation of communication and navigation systems. Although these structures have been studied for decades, a full understanding of their evolution and dynamics remains important for space weather mitigation purposes. In this study, we present cases of EPBs occurrences around April and July 2012 geomagnetic storm periods over the African equatorial sector. The EPBs were observed from the Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) and generally correlated well to the ionospheric irregularities observed from the Global Positioning System total electron content (GPS-TEC) measurements (rate of TEC change, ROT). This study revealed that the evolution of the EPBs during moderate storms is controlled by the strength of the daytime equatorial electrojet (EEJ) currents regardless of the strength of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA), the latter is observed during the July storm case in particular. These effects were more evident during the main and part of the early recovery phases of the geomagnetic storm days considered. However, the evening hours TEC gradients between regions of the magnetic equator and ionization crests also played roles in the existence of ionospheric irregularities.  相似文献   
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