Application of small-size antennas for estimation of angles of arrival of HF signals scattered by ionospheric irregularities

A modification of the Doppler Interferometry Technique is suggested to enable estimating angles of arrival of comparatively broadband HF signals scattered by random irregularities of the ionospheric plasma with the use of small-size weakly directional antennas. The technique is based on the measurements of cross-spectra phases of the probe radiation recorded at least in three spatially separated points. The developed algorithm has been used to investigate the angular and frequency-time characteristics of HF signals propagating at frequencies above the maximum usable one (MUF) for the direct radio path Moscow-Kharkiv. The received signal spectra show presence of three families of spatial components attributed, respectively, to scattering by plasma irregularities near the middle point of the radio path, ground backscatter signals and scattering of the sounding signals by the intense plasma turbulence associated with auroral activations. It has been shown that the regions responsible for the formation of the third family components are located well inside the auroral oval. The drift velocity and direction of the auroral ionosphere plasma have been determined. The obtained estimates are consistent with the classical conception of the ionospheric plasma convection at high latitudes and do not contradict the results of investigations of the auroral ionosphere dynamics using the SuperDARN network.     

基于模态反转的半球谐振陀螺零位自校准方法

针对半球谐振陀螺的零位漂移问题，本文研究了基于模态反转电路控制技术的零位自校准方法。首先，从动力学模型引入阻尼不对称、频率裂解等非理想因素，讨论半球谐振陀螺的工作机理及驻波漂移特性。其次，通过理论分析模态反转的零位校准以及虚拟进动控制的模态反转技术。最后，基于FPGA数字控制平台，设计并实现了半球谐振陀螺零位自校准半实物仿真实验。实验结果表明，基于模态反转的半球谐振陀螺零位校准，实现了半球谐振陀螺的零位从15 降低至2 ，短期零偏稳定性和长期稳定性也分别提高了11.8％和45.86％，有效地抑制了零位漂移，提高了半球谐振陀螺测量精度。     

光纤陀螺随机漂移模型

随机漂移是光纤陀螺的主要误差,建立数学模型在输出中补偿是抑制该项误差、提高光纤陀螺精度的有效方法.光纤陀螺静态输出为随机过程,对该随机过程的平稳性和正态性进行分析,拟合趋势项、周期项并补偿,使其成为平稳随机序列.采用时间序列分析法建立光纤陀螺随机漂移模型,根据随机漂移自相关和偏相关系数的特性辨识模型的类型和阶数,利用最小二乘方法估计模型参数,得到光纤陀螺随机漂移模型为AR(2).对陀螺输出数据补偿,检验模型的适用性.结果表明,该模型具有很好的适用性,能够有效抑制随机漂移,提高光纤陀螺精度,可以作为惯导系统卡尔曼滤波器状态变量的数学模型.     

Plasma transport process in the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere

The behaviour of the equatorial/low-latitude ionosphere and the transport processes during magnetic disturbed and quiet periods of a high solar activity year, 2014, in the American sector are investigated. Parameters used include vertical drift (Vz), transport term (W), NmF2, hmF2 and scale-height (H). The F2 plasma variations followed the diurnal local solar pattern, being higher at daytime. The sunset maximum and sunrise minimum peaks of hmF2 were directly opposite to the scale height (H) pattern. The plasma distribution was basically controlled by combined actions of the electrodynamic convection/thermospheric composition, which is geomagnetic activity dependent. The annual, semi-annual and winter-anomalies of the F2 parameters were higher at the dip equator in comparison with the low-latitude. The Vz pre-reversal peak magnitude coincided with hmF2 peak and the effects are more pronounced during geomagnetic disturbed conditions. The transport term pattern was similar to that of the scale height and it is suggested as a proxy parameter for quantifying low-latitude plasma irregularities and distribution of thermospheric composition.     

基于光学测角数据的风云四号同步轨道卫星精密定轨

针对风云四号同步卫星的精密定轨和精度评估需求，首先利用地面光学测角数据对FY-4A卫星进行精密定轨，定轨后方位角和高度角的残差rms分别为0.25＂和0.45＂。与基于测距数据的轨道相比，位置精度在有测角数据的弧段内小于50m。进一步联合测角数据和测距数据对FY-4A卫星进行联合定轨，定轨后轨道重叠精度优于15m。利用联合定轨结果评估了基于测距数据的实时轨道产品精度，可以明显发现轨道精度随着测距数据的积累而逐步提高。     

电离层周日变化对解算GPS硬件延迟稳定性的影响

针对电离层周日变化特征分析了其可能对SCORE方法估算的硬件延迟稳定性的影响.利用BJFS以及XIAM台站的GPS观测数据,解算了位于太阳活动高年(2001年)和太阳活动低年(2009年)的卫星硬件延迟并分析了估算的硬件延迟的稳定性.研究发现,电离层周日变化对估算的硬件延迟稳定性具有一定影响,但是利用不同台站所得到的卫星硬件延迟稳定性在昼夜不同时间上的解算结果存在一定差异.电离层周日变化对利用BJFS台站数据解算的硬件延迟稳定性日夜差异较为明显,在太阳活动高年利用ⅪAM台站数据解算的硬件延迟日夜稳定性差异不很明显,由于XIAM台站处于电离层赤道异常峰附近,夜间电离层变化很大,因此对比中纬度地区,电离层周日变化对赤道异常峰附近地区硬件延迟稳定性解算结果的影响相对较小,但在太阳活动低年,其影响仍较为显著.     

集成式随动装置目标引导信息动态校准方法研究

光电对抗系统在机动状态下搜索和跟踪目标时，必须用位置陀螺代替码盘来确定目标方位角。但是，由于搜索轴陀螺存在漂移和累积误差，导致跟踪转台按照引导信息调转到位后目标无法进入跟踪视场，而且陀螺的漂移和累积误差是随时间和温度非线性变化的，很难直接进行修正。为了解决这个问题，提出了一种对引导信息进行间接动态校准的方法。     

泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪 零偏稳定性的影响研究

本文研究了泵浦激光频率波动对核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响.通过分析核磁共振陀螺仪理论模型和自旋光泵浦极化129Xe的过程,阐述泵浦激光频率波动对陀螺仪零偏稳定性的影响机理.结果表明,泵浦光频率波动会导致核磁共振陀螺仪零偏稳定性下降约3个数量级.泵浦光频率波动是制约核磁共振陀螺仪性能提升的重要因素.     

基于低成本陀螺和倾角仪的姿态估计

针对动中通测控系统中低成本陀螺和倾角仪的姿态估计和陀螺误差校正问题,提出一种利用UKF(Uncented Kalman Filter)滤波器对载体姿态角进行估计,然后利用互补滤波器对陀螺漂移进行估计的算法。该算法通过设计三维完全可观测UKF滤波方程和陀螺误差校正模型对姿态角和陀螺漂移分别进行估计,有效避免了利用卡尔曼滤波进行姿态估计和陀螺漂移误差估计时由于误差模型不准确而产生的发散问题,同时降低了滤波器维数。试验中姿态角估计误差在1°以内,x轴陀螺漂移估计误差为0.0148°/s,y轴陀螺漂移估计误差为0.0017°/s,试验结果表明该算法能有效提高姿态角估计和陀螺漂移估计的精度。     

Vertical shear at the equatorial F-region ionosphere during post-sunset hours

The characteristics of the equatorial F-region zonal plasma drift during post-sunset period have been investigated using the multi-frequency HF Doppler radar. The pattern of the zonal plasma drift is such that it starts with a westward drift during the pre-sunset hours, followed by an eastward drift shortly after the E-region sunset. The zonal plasma drift is characterized by the presence of a positive vertical shear around the post-sunset period and maximum shear is observed at the time of the peak of the pre-reversal enhancement in the vertical drift. The presence of vertical shear in the zonal drift is associated with the post-sunset velocity vortex existing at the equatorial F-region.