Backstepping sliding-mode control of stratospheric airships using disturbance-observer

In the presence of unknown disturbances and model parameter uncertainties, this paper develop a nonlinear backstepping sliding-mode controller (BSMC) for trajectory tracking control of a stratospheric airship using a disturbance-observer (DO). Compared with the conventional sliding mode surface (SMS) constructed by a linear combination of the errors, the new SMS manifold is selected as the last back-step error to improve independence of the adjustment of the controller gains. Furthermore, a nonlinear disturbance-observer is designed to process unknown disturbance inputs and improve the BSMC performances. The closed-loop system of trajectory tracking control plant is proved to be globally asymptotically stable by using Lyapunov theory. By comparing with traditional backstepping control and SMC design, the results obtained demonstrate the capacity of the airship to execute a realistic trajectory tracking mission, even in the presence of unknown disturbances, and aerodynamic coefficient uncertainties.     

带攻角约束的高超声速飞行器自适应反步控制器设计

针对带攻角(AOA)约束的高超声速飞行器控制问题，提出一种基于非对称时变障碍函数的非线性自适应反步控制方法。首先，将飞行器模型化为严反馈形式，以反步法为基础进行控制器设计。然后通过光滑饱和函数对名义攻角指令信号进行限幅，并保证限幅信号的可导性，限幅产生的误差通过设计辅助系统进行补偿。进而使用障碍函数对攻角指令跟踪误差进行非对称时变约束。针对不确定性和干扰，设计新型自适应律对集中干扰上界进行估计并补偿。最终通过Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统状态量一致最终有界并且攻角始终满足时变约束。仿真结果表明，本文方法能够在满足攻角约束基础上保证良好跟踪性能。     

航天器姿态大角度机动有限时间控制

针对航天器姿态大角度机动控制问题，在存在外部扰动的情况下，基于航天器姿态跟踪系统的标准级联特性，利用反步法和自适应控制设计有限时间控制器。提出的控制方法可以严格保证姿态大角度机动系统是全局有限时间稳定的。李雅普诺夫理论推导和仿真结果表明，系统在控制器的作用下可以快速机动到平衡点并保持稳定，全物理仿真试验进一步表明了所提出的控制方法的有效性和优越性。     

飞翼无人机机动飞行非线性反步控制律设计

飞翼布局无人机具有操纵能力不足、非线性和耦合性强的特点。传统的反步控制方法能够提高飞翼 无人机系统的鲁棒性,但是存在奇异值计算、保守性等问题。本文提出一种改进的反步控制方法。建立飞翼无 人机仿射非线性模型,运用该方法进行鲁棒控制器设计,并进行仿真验证分析。结果表明:该方法解决了传统 反步控制方法所具有的奇异值计算、保守些问题,突破现有鲁棒设计方法对系统不确定性范数上界已知要求的 限制,所设计的控制器鲁棒性较高。     

考虑冲压发动机工作边界的导弹大过载机动反演控制

针对冲压发动机导弹大过载机动控制问题,设计了基于干扰观测器的反演控制器。根据导弹纵向运动方程建立了过载控制和马赫数控制模型,将模型存在的不确定性和扰动视为总干扰,采用扩张状态观测器进行精确估计,然后设计了过载回路和马赫数回路的反演控制器,为避免对控制器中的虚控制量多次求导导致“微分膨胀”,采用反正切跟踪微分器对其进行精确估计,最后采用Lyapunov方法对控制器的稳定性进行了证明。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制器能够快速稳定地跟踪指令信号,且过载通道和马赫数通道之间耦合较小,充分验证了所设计控制器的有效性。     

Sliding mode control based guidance law with impact angle constraint

The terminal guidance problem for an unpowered lifting reentry vehicle against a sta- tionary target is considered. In addition to attacking the target with high accuracy, the vehicle is also expected to achieve a desired impact angle. In this paper, a sliding mode control （SMC）-based guidance law is developed to satisfy the terminal angle constraint. Firstly, a specific sliding mode function is designed, and the terminal requirements can be achieved by enforcing both the sliding mode function and its derivative to zero at the end of the flight. Then, a backstepping approach is used to ensure the finite-time reaching phase of the sliding mode and the analytic expression of the control effort can be obtained. The trajectories generated by this method only depend on the initial and terminal conditions of the terminal phase and the instantaneous states of the vehicle. In order to test the performance of the proposed guidance law in practical application, numerical simulations are carried out by taking all the aerodynamic parameters into consideration. The effec- tiveness of the proposed guidance law is verified by the simulation results in various scenarios.     

高超声速飞行器动态神经网络反推自适应控制

针对高超声速飞行器纵向模型的高度非线性特点,在考虑模型不确定性的情况下,提出了高超声速飞行器动态神经网络调节函数反推自适应控制方法.对给定的速度指令,引入积分型Lyapunov函数设计跟踪控制器,取消了控制增益一阶导数上界的限制,且避免了控制器的奇异性;对给定的高度指令,引入调节函数技术,设计了反推控制器,避免了将模型化为严反馈形式;采用动态神经网络对未知系统动态进行自适应在线逼近.根据Lyapunov理论证明了设计的控制律保证了闭环系统的稳定性与指令跟踪的精确性.仿真结果验证了该方法的可行性及有效性.     

基于跟踪微分器的高超声速飞行器Backstepping控制

针对存在模型参数不确定和外部干扰的高超声速飞行器（HFV）跟踪控制问题,提出一种基于Backstepping方法的抗饱和非线性控制器。将飞行器纵向动力学模型分为速度子系统和航迹倾角子系统,然后针对每个子系统单独设计控制器。设计跟踪微分器获得信号的一阶导数,用以估计系统中的不确定干扰项和避免"微分项膨胀"问题。控制器设计过程考虑了控制量发生饱和的情况。基于Lyapunov理论证明了闭环系统信号的稳定性。与传统高超声速飞行器Backstepping方法相比,所设计的控制器采用待跟踪状态与理想控制指令之间的实际误差作为反馈量,放宽了对系统干扰项的限制,提高了控制器对控制增益变化的适应性,进而提高了闭环系统的跟踪控制性能。对比仿真结果验证了所设计方法的有效性。     

Disturbance observer-based backstepping control for hypersonic flight vehicles without use of measured flight path angle

In this paper a nonlinear control method is proposed for the tracking control of hypersonic flight vehicles. The designed control laws do not utilize the measured flight path angle due to its inferior accuracy in practical engineering. For this, an estimated flight path angle is designed via the measurements of the altitude and velocity. A tracking differentiator is designed for constructing nonlinear disturbance observer which is used to estimate the model uncertainties including the parameter indeterminacies and external disturbances in the channels of velocity and pitch rate. A robust high-order differentiator is introduced to avoid the employment of the measured flight path angle and estimate the lumped disturbance in dynamics of flight path angle. Meanwhile, the possible saturation of the control inputs is considered and compensated by the auxiliary states. The boundness of closed-loop signals is proved through the Lyapunov theory. Comparative simulations are carried out and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

考虑执行器安装偏差时航天器姿态稳定的控制分配

针对存在执行机构安装偏差和外干扰的航天器姿态控制问题,提出一类基于反步法的自适应滑模控制策略,该方法在实现姿态控制快速性和高精度的同时,能有效地避免因执行机构安装偏差引起的不确定性所导致的控制奇异现象。在此基础上,考虑到执行机构冗余特性,进一步提出一种基于能量最优约束二次规划的动态控制分配算法来完成期望指令到执行机构的指令分配,克服了传统伪逆法难以考虑的控制力矩位置和速度约束,减少了系统功耗,实现了分配后控制力矩的平稳性和能量最优。最后,将提出的控制方案应用于某型轮控刚体航天器的姿态稳定任务中,仿真结果验证了提出方法的可行性、有效性。