A novel satellite image encryption algorithm based on hyperchaotic systems and Josephus problem

With the rapid growth of the number of Earth observation satellite (EOS) supporting critical applications, it is required to improve the security techniques to protect the sensitive data and images during the transmission between the satellites and the ground stations. This paper introduces a new satellite image encryption algorithm based on the Linear Feedback Shift Register (LFSR) generator, SHA 512 hash function, hyperchaotic systems, and Josephus problem. LFSR generates a matrix that is used to construct the 512-bits value of the hash function. These bits are used to set the initial values and parameters of the proposed encryption algorithm. Firstly, the six dimensions (6-D) hyperchaotic system is divided into three parts, where every two equations are considered as one part. Secondly, the 1-D hyperchaotic logistic-tent system is considered as the controller to select one part. The selected part is used to generate a matrix that is XORed with the original image. Thirdly, the scrambling operation by Josephus sequences is applied to the output of the previous step by scrambling the rows and the columns according to the selected part to produce the pre-encrypted image. Finally, if the number of iterations is less than the required number which is considered as a parameter of the secret key, the previous operations will be repeated in the pre-encrypted image; otherwise, the pre-encrypted image is considered as the final cipher image. Experimental and analyses results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance in terms of high level of security, large enough key-space, tolerance to Single Event Upsets (SEU) as well as low time complexity.     

超低轨道卫星应用离子电推进技术方案

低地球轨道大气环境对诸如科学探测和对地观测卫星的阻尼作用十分明显，而且阻尼随太阳和地磁活动以及昼夜、季节交替变化范围宽。为了保证卫星轨道精度或飞行状态满足任务要求，需要利用推进系统对卫星受到的阻尼进行实时或间歇式补偿以实现轨道或飞行状态的保持。针对轨道高度220~268km的无拖曳飞行和轨道维持应用，基于卫星轨道阻尼变化和有效载荷指标要求分析，研究确定了离子电推进技术指标、推力调节方案、系统组成、推力控制方案和在轨应用策略，并对推力调节方案进行了试验验证。结果表明，与无拖曳飞行卫星任务匹配的离子电推进指标为推力调节范围1~20mN，推力分辨率优于12μN，与对地观测卫星轨道维持任务匹配的指标为推力调节范围1～25mN，推力分辨率100μN。研究提出的针对超低轨道卫星应用需求的高精度推力连续调节离子电推进技术方案，具有工程任务针对性和参考价值。     

微纳聚合体卫星的对称式重构规划算法

为解决微纳聚合体卫星变构过程中，聚合体各部分之间的动力学耦合导致的卫星整体姿态翻转或紊乱，提出了一种对称式变构规划算法。首先建立了铰链约束下的漂浮基多刚体系统动力学模型，研究了重构过程中各运动模块对本体姿态的影响，提出当每两个运动模块位置与转动方向满足对称性条件时，两者对本体姿态的影响可在一定程度上相互抵消。基于上述理论，在A*算法中引入最优分配度量和对称性判定，设计了并行对称重构规划算法。仿真结果表明，该规划算法可实现重构过程中多模块并行、对称运动，重构过程总步数较少，运动模块对本体姿态的影响小。     

北斗空间信号误差统计特征及描述方法研究

通过对比北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)广播星历与事后精密星历,提取了轨道和卫星时钟误差。基于北斗轨道误差及北斗卫星时钟误差统计特征分析,构建区别于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)的BDS空间信号用户测距误差(Signal-In-Space User Range Error,SISRE)描述方法,对BDS广播星历中用户测距精度(User Range Accuracy,URA)进行了验证。6个月的北斗数据测试结果表明,北斗GEO、IGSO和MEO卫星的URA分别为3.0m、1.9m和1.6m。     

基于北斗三号的长基线共视时间比对

卫星导航共视时间比对一直是远距离时间比对的重要方法之一。使用我国最新发射的北斗三号全球导航卫星，基于中科院国家授时中心（NTSC）和捷克光电研究院（TP）各自的时间产生和保持系统，开展了中捷北斗三号长基线共视时间比对试验。本文对中捷两站各自的北斗卫星可视数及其卫星高度角情况进行了统计分析，利用Vondark滤波对时间比对结果进行了降噪处理，最后将北斗三号共视时间比对结果与北斗二号及GPS共视时间比对结果进行了比较。结果表明：北斗三号在当前全球组网阶段中捷共视可视卫星数比北斗二号还少的情况下，其共视时间比对精度达到1.16ns，较北斗二号提升约19%，与GPS更为接近。     

Evaluation of a regional real-time precise positioning system based on GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia

The performance of real-time (RT) precise positioning can be improved by utilizing observations from multiple Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) instead of one particular system. Since the end of 2012, BeiDou, independently established by China, began to provide operational services for users in the Asia-Pacific regions. In this study, a regional RT precise positioning system is developed to evaluate the performance of GPS/BeiDou observations in Australia in providing high precision positioning services for users. Fixing three hourly updated satellite orbits, RT correction messages are generated and broadcasted by processing RT observation/navigation data streams from the national network of GNSS Continuously Operating Reference Stations in Australia (AUSCORS) at the server side. At the user side, RT PPP is realized by processing RT data streams and the RT correction messages received. RT clock offsets, for which the accuracy reached 0.07 and 0.28?ns for GPS and BeiDou, respectively, can be determined. Based on these corrections, an accuracy of 12.2, 30.0 and 45.6?cm in the North, East and Up directions was achieved for the BeiDou-only solution after 30 min while the GPS-only solution reached 5.1, 15.3 and 15.5?cm for the same components at the same time. A further improvement of 43.7, 36.9 and 45.0 percent in the three directions, respectively, was achieved for the combined GPS/BeiDou solution. After the initialization process, the North, East and Up positioning accuracies were 5.2, 8.1 and 17.8?cm, respectively, for the BeiDou-only solution, while 1.5, 3.0, and 4.7?cm for the GPS-only solution. However, we only noticed a 20.9% improvement in the East direction was obtained for the GPS/BeiDou solution, while no improvements in the other directions were detected. It is expected that such improvements may become bigger with the increasing accuracy of the BeiDou-only solution.     

双向比对高精度物理时间同步方法

提出一种面向未来卫星在轨应用的闭环物理高精度时间同步方法。比较了所提方法与其他时间同步方法的区别与优势，建立了远程系统时间同步基本模型与误差传递模型，基于双向测距和时间传递技术分析了高精度钟差获取原理，给出了时钟调整环路的时域频域参数依赖关系。完成了高精度时间同步地面试验系统构建，测试了开环非调钟状态下钟差测量精度误差、闭环调钟状态下时间同步准确度误差以及长时运行情况下的时间同步监测结果。测试结果表明，该方法能够实现优于1 ns量级的时间同步，为高精度时间同步技术研究提供了新的途径。     

FPGA设计中的亚稳态问题及其预防方法研究

由于在复杂FPGA（Field Programmable Gate Array,现场可编程门阵列）设计中存在跨时钟域,通常会产生亚稳态现象.为有效地预防和解决该问题,分析FPGA设计中亚稳态的产生机理及其对数字信号处理系统的影响.根据不同的信号同步类型,针对单比特电平信号、脉冲信号和边沿信号,分别给出基于触发器级联的跨时钟域信号同步方法;针对并行信号,提出基于异步FIFO （First In First Out,先进先出队列）和握手协议的跨时钟域同步方法;并通过仿真手段分析信号同步方法的有效性及其适用范围.结果表明：这些方法能够正确有效地完成跨时钟域信号同步,预防可能出现的亚稳态问题,从而提高复杂FPGA设计的可靠性和稳定性.     

基于超高速碰撞仿真的卫星碰撞解体碎片分析

使用超高速碰撞数值仿真技术,结合自主开发的碎片识别统计方法,以Iridium33与Cosmos2251卫星在轨撞击解体事件为例,进行了在轨卫星碰撞解体碎片分析.通过有限元方法(FEM)与光滑粒子流体动力学(SPH)的复合算法,从图形角度识别出碎片云中的大碎片,然后利用二值图转换与二值图连通域的快速统计,提取出了碎片数目...