Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

高空台间接加热试验

用同一种发动机在不同模拟状态下，采用技改措施及加热器的火焰筒不同个数进行了试验，获得了模拟温度、气源压力与时间的关系。设备的总压系数为0．67；加热系统的总效率为0．41－0．55。与另一高空台使用同一间接加热系统的总效率（约为0．62）相比有所不同。分析了原因，并指出了解决问题的途径。上述试验方法及试验结果可供类拟发动机试验参考使用。     

冲压发动机试车台空气燃烧加热器流量参数计算

给出了空气燃烧加热器热力计算方程,计算得到了燃烧加热所需燃料流量以及补氧量随模拟飞行马赫数变化曲线,分析了加热器压力对加热所需燃料流量以及补氧量的影响。计算分析结果可为冲压发动机试车台空气燃烧加热器设计提供参考。     

电弧喷射推力器化学非平衡数值模拟

为了准确把握电弧喷射推力器工作过程物理机理与特征,采用化学非平衡模型对不同压缩室直径下低功率氮电弧喷射推力器工作情况进行了数值模拟。模型考虑了工作过程中的分解反应、电离反应和复合反应,化学动力学模型为4组分,4反应的有限速率化学反应模型。采用二阶精度NND格式数值求解耦合电磁源项和化学反应源项的N S方程组,采用有限控制容积积分方法求解由麦克斯韦方程组推导出的电磁场方程。数值模拟的结果揭示了推力器内部电弧能量输入作用和高温电离气体的离解电离状况,给出了不同压缩室直径下推力器的推力、比冲和推进效率。结果分析表明,压缩室直径对推力器性能具有较大影响。     

高超声速气动试验的新进展

本文报导了1992年7月在美国纳希维尔召开的 AIAA 第17届航空航天地面试验会议的概况。简要地介绍了讨论航空航天地面试验面临的技术挑战,CFD 和地面试验的相互作用,美国气动力学与气动热力学研究的未来等三个大会报告的内容。介绍了在会议报告中叙述的对高超声速气动试验的新要求和自由飞弹道靶、 脉冲风洞、稀薄气体设备、电弧加热器的新进展。最后,对我国高超声速气动试验的发展提出了建议。     

Study of GNSS-measured ionospheric total electron content variations generated by powerful HF-heating

The purpose of this work is to report the experimental evidences for the influence of perturbations in the electron density in the dayside mid-latitude ionosphere, that are caused by high-frequency heating of the F2 layer, on the GNSS signals. The experiments were carried out at the Sura heater (Radio Physical Research Institute, N. Novgorod). During the sessions of ionospheric heating with different time modulations of the radiated power the rays linking the navigational satellites with the ground receiver intersected the heated region. Variations in the total electron content (TEC) were studied; these variations are proportional to the reduced phases of navigational signals. It is shown that with the square-wave modulation of the radiated power (with periods of 1, 6, 10 and 15 min), perturbations with periods of the main modulation of heating and its harmonics appear in the spectrum of TEC variations. Examples are presented of identification of the heating-induced variations in TEC, including determination of the amplitudes and time characteristics of these variations.     

预燃式等离子体射流点火器工作特性实验研究

为解决发动机点火包线小于飞行包线的实际问题,提供等离子体点火技术在航空发动机中的工程应用新思路,论文设计了一种预燃式等离子体射流点火器,实验研究了放电特性和射流特性。结果表明,预燃式等离子体射流点火器与空气等离子体射流点火器相比,在提升射流能量降低电源功率方面有着较大的优势,电流相同时通入甲烷在较大流量时可减小驱动电源功率,总流量为44L/min时,减幅可达14.99%;同时预燃式等离子体射流较空气等离子体射流稳定,且射流长度增加,扩大了点火面积,有利于点火。     

高温高速气流总焓接触测试法对比分析

发动机尾焰、燃烧加热、电弧加热器等高温高速气流总焓测量存在较大误差,采用结构优化的质量吸入水冷焓探针,标定后的驻点热流和驻点压力探针(Fay-Riddell公式法)对高温高速气流总焓进行了对比测试。结果表明:焓值为2.5~5 MJ/kg时,焓探针的测试误差约为3.38%,采用Fay-Riddell公式法获得焓值的误差约为3%。焓探针与Fay-Riddell公式法平均偏差约为4.65%。在地面模拟试验时采用两种测焓方法确定测试精度,对减小高温高速气流测焓误差,提高试验模拟精度具有积极的作用。     

B737飞机座舱增压系统典型间断性故障分析

介绍了第二代B737飞机座舱增压系统后外流活门和加温垫的工作及控制原理,对实际维护中的一种典型故障进行了分析和研究。     

大滞后温度智能控制系统的研究与实现

本文研究的是以MCS-51系列单片机为核心的计算机控制系统,用以实现化工催化剂活性检测过程床层温度程序控制。被控对象是具有3～8分钟的纯滞后,时变,非线性特性的催化剂电加热炉。控制难度大。 采用了广义最小方差自校正控制算法,具有时变滞后的极点自校正PID算法,极点对消直接PID三种算法进行了仿真与现场试验研究。前两种,由于工作过程允许的信号对系统激励不够充分,对象在线辩识有困难,试验结果表现,不能实现预期的控制要求。最终采用了极点对消直接PID算法,成功地实现了催化剂活性温度自动控制。该系统工作稳定、可靠,控制精度达到了检测标准要求。