Imaging of target with complicated motion using ISAR system based on IPHAF-TVA

The technique of imaging a target with a complicated motion using an Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) system is an effective tool in the field of radar signal processing. After the translational compensation, the received signal reflected from the target can take the form of a multi-component Polynomial Phase Signal (m-PPS), and the high quality ISAR image can be provided via the combination between the estimated parameters of the m-PPS and the Range Instantaneous-Doppler technique (RID). For a target with a high maneuvrability, the occurrence of scatterers Migration Through Resolution Cell (MTRC), caused by the rotational movement could be appearing. That is why the variation in the amplitude of the echo during the time of observation cannot be neglected. The purpose of this study is the parameters estimation of the m-PPS signal with order three in the case of the Time Varying Amplitude (TVA). The Improved-version of the Product High-order Ambiguity Function (IPHAF) with TVA is proposed to improve the quality of the ISAR image compared with traditional techniques based on a constant amplitude; the experimental outcomes confirm that the new IPHAF-TVA method presented in this study is an effective technique to make the ISAR image very clear.     

对合成孔径雷达的步进移频干扰

为了使压制干扰获得更多的SAR匹配处理增益,从而进一步降低干扰功率,提出了一种脉内脉间二维部分相干干扰:步进移频干扰.该干扰在保留信号脉内脉间相位特性的同时,让干扰载频在脉间步进递增或递减变化,人为产生距离向和方位向的耦合效应.理论分析和仿真实验表明,该干扰可同时获得SAR在距离向和方位向的部分匹配处理增益,因而降低了干扰功率需求.此外,该干扰的SAR成像输出为一个干扰区域,无需复杂的复合调制即可作为压制干扰掩护分布式目标,干扰实施简单,是一种有效的SAR压制干扰方式.     

Synergetic use of SAR and Thermal Infrared data to study the physical properties of the lunar surface

The surface layer of the Moon preserves vital evidences of lunar impact and cratering processes due to the absence of any Aeolian and fluvial erosion processes acting on it. By examining these evidences, which are recorded throughout the evolutionary history of the Moon, several basic aspects of lunar science can be understood, and this has direct relevance to the surfaces of other airless bodies within the solar system. In this study, rock abundance data obtained from Thermal Infrared (TIR) observations and radar Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR) data sets obtained from polarimetric SAR observations were correlated at some sample sites on the lunar surface. Preliminary results yielded qualitative and quantitative estimates for surface rock abundances. Except at distal ejecta deposits of young, bright craters a general correlation was observed between the two datasets. Mixed results were observed from the impact melt flows where the situation is complex due to the possible subsurface-volume and volume-subsurface interactions of the radar waves. But the flow features were clearly separated from the interior and ejecta regions of their parent craters in terms of CPR and rock abundances. The extent and distributions of pyroclastic deposits and dark haloed regions could not be distinctly identified at the resolution of datasets utilized. Near Gerasimovich D crater, the Diviner Radiometer has provided the first TIR observations of a newly discovered impact melt flow which was not visible in the optical imagery. This facilitated the first ever quantitative comparisons of the radar CPR and rock abundance values near such a region. Also, significant differences in spatial patterns between the radar and rock concentration data sets were observed, owing to the differences in the sensitivity of the two observations.     

基于轨道参数和SAR回波数据的多普勒调频率快速估计

多普勒调频率是SAR方位向压缩的关键参数之一.调频率的失配会带来严重的方位向散焦,从而影响成像质量.基于减灾、防灾目的,需要对SAR数据快速成像,从而相应要求对多普勒调频率进行快速估计处理.根据多普勒调频率快速估计需求,提出了一种基于轨道参数法和Map Drift算法估计多普勒调频率的综合反演算法,利用多普勒调频率与距离的关系,简化整个估计流程,从而提高估计速度.同时给出了一种块数据筛选的方法,用于选择综合反演法中所采用的块数据.实验结果表明,综合反演法能够在满足成像质量要求的基础上,快速估计出多普勒调频率.     

一种新的共轭增强MUSIC测向算法

提出一种新的测向算法。利用阵列输出的非零时延互相关函数及其共轭形成伪阵列输出,从而得到伪协方差矩阵,对其进行特征分解,利用信号子空间与噪声子空间的正交性,搜索得到的空间谱函数的极大值点对应的角度就是波达方向。仿真实验表明,新算法可对多于阵元数的信号进行测向,其测角精度和分辨力优于MUISC和MUSIC-like算法。     

一种基于DPCA的星载SAR运动目标检测方法

文中研究星载条件下用DPCA检测地面慢速运动目标的SAR-GMTI技术,提出一种对杂渡抑制以后的原 始数据应用Radon变换来检测运动目标的新方法。与基于图像域的DPCA运动目标检测方法相比,该方法不需要方位 压缩,因而减小了计算负荷,但没有损失目标检测性能。此外,该方法更加清楚地显示出杂波对目标参数估计的影响,可 为进一步研究提供思路。仿真结果证明这种方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种在SAR图像中进行目标识别的多尺度模型

本文基于SAR相干成像的原理，利用当图像分辨率改变时，自然景物和人工目标班点模式变化方式的不同，提出了一种从自然景物中识别人工目标的多尺度模型，并研究了此模型在不同分辨率图像中的性质及应用。     

基于峰值点的目标对准在MSTAR SAR图像分类中的应用

模板匹配的分类方法是合成孔径雷达目标识别的重要方法。研究了MSTAR SAR图像,指出图像中的目标峰值点本质上对应于实际物体的散射中心,并且在一定方位区间中具有稳定性。假设目标存在位置偏移的基础上,提出先利用目标峰值点对准目标,再生成模板和分类的思想。分析了方位区间中基准图像的选取及对准过程对模板生成和目标分类的影响程度。最后研究了同类变形目标间的分类,提出了峰值点特征增强成像、预分类、目标对准和正式分类的四步算法。结果证明,所提算法具有较高的分类精度和效率。     

改进多尺度Canny算子在SAR图像边缘提取中的应用

着重讨论了在原始Ｃａｎｎｙ算子基础上提出的一种改进算法。其主要特点在于将多尺度分析的概念引入到基本Ｃａｎｎｙ算子中，从而改善了Ｃａｎｎｙ算子的检测性能，使其更加适应合成孔径雷达（ＳＡＲ）图像受噪声影响较大的特点。最后在原始ＳＡＲ图像基础上，将改进的算法与基本Ｃａｎｎｙ算子及其它几类边缘检测算子作了性能对比实验。实验结果显示了改进Ｃａｎｎｙ算子的良好检测性能。     

InSAR成像匹配制导技术

为了解决飞行器远程全天候高精度自主导航的问题,提出一种InSAR成像匹配制导技术,利用InSAR生成的高程数据与基准高程图进行精确匹配,并通过构象模型反演出飞行器的空间位置。分析对比了多种精确地形匹配方法,采用基于F.Leberl数学模型的空间定位方法并分析了误差影响。仿真结果表明,该方法可以实现飞行器高精度自主导航定位,大大提高飞行器的适应性和抗干扰能力。