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1.
Room temperature vulcanizing (RTV)-based components have been used on Mars Pathfinder, the Mars rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, as well as the Phoenix Lander as a support matrix for pigmented panoramic camera calibration targets. RTV 655 has demonstrated superiority to other polymers due to its unique range of material properties namely mechanical stability between −115 and 204 °C and UV radiation tolerance. As a result, it has been the number one choice for many space-related missions. However, due to the high mass density and the natural tendency for electrostatic charging RTV materials have caused complications by attracting and retaining dust particles (Sabri et al., 2008). In the current project we have investigated the relevant properties of polymer-reinforced (crosslinked) silica aerogels with the objective of substituting RTV-based calibration targets with an aerogel based design. The lightweight, mechanical strength, ability to accept color pigments, and extremely low dust capture makes polyurea crosslinked aerogels a strong candidate as a chromatic standard for extraterrestrial missions. For this purpose, the reflection spectra, gravimetric analysis, and low temperature response of metal oxide pigmented, polyurea crosslinked silica aerogels have been investigated and reported here.  相似文献   
2.
SiO2气凝胶制备及疏水改性研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
采用六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDZ)和六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)为表面改性剂,对正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)经溶胶-凝胶过程制备的凝胶进行表面改性,大幅度简化了洗涤过程,常压干燥制备了疏水SiO2气凝胶,并研究了表面改性剂对SiO2气凝胶结构和性能的影响.结果表明,所制备的疏水SiO2气凝胶有良好的疏水性能,吸附水量低于3%,与水的接触角大于130°;疏水SiO2气凝胶的密度、比表面积和孔隙率分别为150~225 kg/m3、750~900 m2/g和88%~93%,其颗粒尺寸为1~100 nm.  相似文献   
3.
Silica-based aerogel is an ideal thermal insulator with a makeup of up to 99% air associated with the highly porous nature of this material. Polyurea cross-linked silica aerogel (PCSA) has superior mechanical properties compared to the native aerogels yet retains the highly porous open pore network and functions as an ideal thermal insulator with added load-bearing capability necessary for some applications. Room temperature vulcanizing rubber-RTV 655—is a space qualified elastomeric thermal insulator and encapsulant with high radiation and temperature tolerance as well as chemical resistance. Storage and transport of cryogenic propellant liquids is an integral part of the success of future space exploratory missions and is an area under constant development. Limitations and shortcomings of current cryogenic tank materials and insulation techniques such as non-uniform insulation layers, self-pressurization, weight and durability issues of the materials used, has motivated the quest for alternative materials. Both RTV 655 and PCSA are promising space qualified materials with unique and tunable microscopic and macroscopic properties making them attractive candidates for this study. In this work, the effect of PCSA geometry and volume concentration on the thermal behavior of RTV 655—PCSA compound material has been investigated at room temperature and at a cryogenic temperature. Macroscopic and microscopic PCSA material was encapsulated at increasing concentrations in an RTV 655 elastomeric matrix. The effect of pulverization on the nanopores of PCSA as a method for creating large quantities of homogeneous PCSA microparticles has also been investigated and is reported. The PCSA volume concentrations ranged between 22% and 75% for both geometries. Thermal conductivity measurements were performed based on the steady state transient plane source method.  相似文献   
4.
NASA’s Stardust mission collected dust from the coma of Comet Wild-2 on January 2nd, 2004, by direct capture into aerogel cells that flew through the dust coma at ∼6 km/s. Stardust collected several hundred comet particles >10 μm in size. These comet samples were delivered to Earth on January 15th, 2006. We developed a facility at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory (Upton, NY, USA) for the in-situ characterization of ∼10 μm particles collected in aerogel. These analytical instruments allow us to perform extensive chemical, mineralogical, and size-frequency characterization of particles captured in aerogel. These analyses are conducted without any invasive extraction, minimizing the possibility of contamination or particle loss during preparation. This facility was used to determine the chemical composition, the oxidation state, the mineralogy and to provide an indication of the grain size of the Wild-2 particles before they were removed from the aerogel. This information provides a catalog of particle types, allowing a more reasoned allocation of the particles to subsequent investigators based on a relatively detailed knowledge of the chemical composition and mineralogy of each particle. These measurements allowed a comparison of the chemical and mineralogical properties of the Wild-2 particles with other types of extraterrestrial materials, including interplanetary dust particles and meteorites. The success of in-situ analysis for Wild 2 particles demonstrates that synchrotron-based facilities will be important for the analysis of particles collected in aerogel on future earth-orbiting satellites and spacecraft.  相似文献   
5.
二氧化硅气凝胶具有低密度、高孔隙率、高比表面积、低导热性等特点,但存在强度低、韧性差等缺陷。在此基础上,柔性二氧化硅气凝胶通过改进传统二氧化硅气凝胶的制备工艺表现出了更优的力学性能与适用性。本文综述了国内外柔性二氧化硅气凝胶的最新研究进展,分析对比了不同类型气凝胶的性能参数;重点介绍了柔性二氧化硅气凝胶常用的制备方法,如前驱体改性法、聚合物改性法和纤维增强法。其中前驱体改性法通过对硅源种类的选择和组合,较容易实现气凝胶材料的微观结构与性能的设计,是目前制备柔性二氧化硅气凝胶的主要方法以及研究的热点内容。此外,总结了柔性二氧化硅气凝胶在保温隔热、油水分离、高效隔音领域的应用;同时对其发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   
6.
以轻质化为前提,基于烧蚀防热借助于溶胶-凝胶技术制备出低密度防热/隔热/隐身一体化复合材料(HRC),有效地融合了烧蚀防热、高效隔热和宽频雷达隐身的功能。实验结果表明,多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)吸波剂均匀分散在杂化酚醛气凝胶骨架中,随着添加量的增加,HRC材料平均孔径减小,力学强度得到显著提升,添加5.0wt%MWNT的HRC与未添加相比压缩模量提高1.8倍。同时,MWNT的引入显著增加了HRC的雷达吸波性能,在4 ~ 18 GHz内反射率<-8 dB。地面风洞考核中,HRC表现出优异的防隔热性能,最高表面温度达到1 700 ℃左右,经过400 s烧蚀后最大背面温升(20 mm)仅为153℃,近零体积烧蚀,烧蚀后仍保持着优异的宽频雷达吸波性能。  相似文献   
7.
以硝酸氧锆为锆源,尿素为凝胶促进剂,通过水热凝胶法结合超临界乙醇干燥,可成功制备出具
有良好纳米三维网络结构的ZrO2 气凝胶。采用透射电镜(TEM)、比表面积及孔隙度分析仪(BET),X 射线衍
射仪等测试手段对其结构进行了表征与测试。结果表明,ZrO2 气凝胶主要由无定型和四方晶相组成,其比表
面积为445 m2 / g,孔径主要分布在5 ~7 nm 和30 ~40 nm 两处。  相似文献   
8.
氧化铝气凝胶复合高温隔热瓦的制备及性能   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
以陶瓷纤维制成的高温隔热瓦为骨架,真空浸渍氧化铝溶胶,再经过凝胶、老化和超临界干燥制备出氧化铝气凝胶复合高温隔热瓦,研究了其在不同温度处理后(最高温度1 400℃)的微观结构、隔热和力学性能。结果表明:气凝胶复合高温隔热瓦在1 400℃保温30 min后线收缩率仅为2%;随着热处理温度升高,气凝胶颗粒发生熔并、长大,气凝胶从填充纤维空隙到不断收缩,但对纤维骨架没有明显影响;隔热瓦的室温、高温热导率均显著降低;在热面1 400℃的背温测试中,复合后材料的背温从945℃降到870℃;复合后隔热瓦的力学性能略有增加;但是1 200~1 400℃的压缩强度下降较大。可见,气凝胶复合高温隔热瓦可改善其隔热性能,但在高温下力学性能下降。  相似文献   
9.
纳米孔超级绝热材料是一种新型高效隔热材料,具有轻质、耐高温、孔隙率高、导热率低等优点,
目前已成为保温隔热材料领域研究的热点,其中最具代表性的是气凝胶隔热材料和纳米粉末基复合隔热材料。
本文对这两种隔热材料的研究现状进行了综述,并对纳米孔超级绝热材料发展前景进行了展望。  相似文献   
10.
以TiO2 微米颗粒为例,计算了不同形状遮光剂颗粒的光学特性,表征形状、尺寸对颗粒光学特性
的影响,并考虑实际遮光剂颗粒的粒径分布,计算了不同形状颗粒的平均光学特性。为满足工程需要,针对球
形遮光剂,给出了粒径服从对数正态分布律时使材料高温下辐射热导率最小的遮光剂参数优化设计,由此可使
1 300 K 下遮光气凝胶的辐射热导率降低至纯气凝胶的1/10 左右。  相似文献   
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