转子叶片加工误差对1.5级跨声速压气机气动性能的影响

压气机叶片加工误差不可避免，将在一定程度上影响压气机的气动性能。为研究叶片加工误差对跨声速压气机气动性能的影响，以燃气轮机进口1.5级跨声速压气机为对象，通过三坐标测量跨声速转子叶片叶型数据，获得了加工误差分布特征；针对实测转子叶片，采用三维CFD数值模拟方法，研究了轮廓度、位置度和扭转角综合误差对压气机转子和级特性线和流场参数的影响；针对转子叶型以轮廓度超差为主的特点，采用S2流面通流计算方法，在设计流量点研究了由轮廓度误差引起的转子叶型最大厚度变化对压气机转子和级性能的影响。结果表明，转子叶片加工误差对压气机堵塞流量、全流量范围内转子和级的压比和效率均有影响，同时改变转静子叶片排出口气流参数的径向分布规律，主要原因为激波位置和强度的变化；在设计流量点，转子和级的压比和效率的变化与最大厚度变化呈负相关趋势，厚度偏差越大性能变化幅度越大；对转子叶片，来流相对马赫数随叶片高度增加而增大，性能对叶型几何误差的敏感性增强，综合压比和效率的变化，中上部叶高范围的轮廓度公差要求应更严格。     

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.     

Effects of wing flexibility on aerodynamic performance of an aircraft model

The low-speed wind tunnel experiment is carried out on a simplified aircraft model to explore the influence of wing flexibility on the aircraft aerodynamic performance. The investigation involves the measurements of force, membrane deformation and velocity field at Reynolds number of 5.4 × 10⁴–1.1 × 10⁵. In the lift curves, two peaks are observed. The first peak, corresponding to the stall, is sensitive to the wing flexibility much more than the second peak, which nearly keeps constant. For the optimal case, in comparison with the rigid wing model, the delayed stall of nearly 5° is achieved, and the relative lift increment is about 90%. It is revealed that the lift enhanced region corresponds to the larger deformation and stronger vibration, which leads to stronger flow mixing near the flexible wing surface. Thereby, the leading-edge separation is suppressed, and the aerodynamic performance is improved significantly. Furthermore, the effects of sweep angle and Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics of flexible wing are also presented.     

S弯收扩喷管流动特性数值研究

为了研究S弯收扩喷管的流动机理，数值模拟了不同喷管落压比（NPR）和S形收敛管道出口面积比（A₇₂/A₈）对S弯收扩喷管内流动的影响。结果表明：当S弯收扩喷管处于高度过膨胀状态时，随着NPR升高，非对称分离逐渐转变为对称分离，λ型激波转变为马赫盘结构，气动性能下降，推力矢量角减小；随着NPR继续上升，激波从喷管内移动到喷管出口边缘，并逐渐转变为膨胀波，气动性能上升，推力矢量角减小至0°后保持不变。在完全遮挡高温部件的低可探测准则的约束下，出口面积比A₇₂/A₈的变化主要对S弯收扩喷管收敛段的流动特性产生显著影响，体现在S弯收扩喷管内的局部加速及二次流分布。S弯收扩喷管的气动性能随着A₇₂/A₈增大而提高，但当A₇₂/A₈增大至1.8时，第一弯管道出口上壁面发生流动分离，气动性能显著下降。     

基于PNFM-LFM复合调制的探测干扰共享波形设计

针对雷达-电子战一体化共享信号波形的设计需求，提出一种伪码噪声调频与线性调频复合调制的探测干扰共享波形。在伪码序列的伪随机性和规律性上，通过理论推导和仿真实验，分析并验证了该探测干扰共享波形具有良好的模糊函数以及线性可控的频谱特征，有效通带内干扰功率利用率平均可达38%；通过探测干扰共享信号的相关信号处理，本地接收机能够成功地对信噪比不低于-27 dB的回波信号进行检测，且改善因子可达30 dB。     

短螺旋型燃烧室旋流结构及气动边界发展规律数值模拟研究

短螺旋型燃烧室的头部轴线沿发动机周向与发动机轴线偏转一定角度,可以在保证燃烧效率不变的条件下有效缩短燃烧室轴向长度。短螺旋型燃烧室流场的最大特点是旋流流动单侧受限。为了研究头部安装角α变化对燃烧室旋流流动特性的影响,基于数值方法对短螺旋型燃烧室进行了计算分析。结果表明:随着α变化,旋流器下游旋涡依次出现对称环状、马蹄状、环状结构;随着α增加,气动边界逐渐出现并抑制旋流的周向扩张,导致流场出现不同的旋涡结构;不同α下的切向角动量随轴向距离增加而衰减,但α为35°和45°时,气动边界在非受限侧出现并对旋流产生约束,角动量衰减变慢;当α为0°,15°,35°,45°时,燃油液滴依次集中分布在旋流器下游两旋涡边缘、侧壁面和头部端壁、非受限旋涡边缘。本文研究了不同α下的旋涡结构及气动边界沿轴向的演化过程,为短螺旋型燃烧室进一步的设计与优化提供基础。     

一种高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号捕获方法

为提升高动态低信噪比环境下卫星导航信号的捕获性能,提出了一种基于分数阶傅里叶变换(FrFT)及部分匹配滤波(PMF)的捕获方法。在该方法中,接收机首先利用PMF对接收信号做分段相干积分,随后借助快速傅里叶变换(FFT)对分段积分结果做离散快速FrFT,最后通过检测FrFT输出的峰值完成信号的捕获。由于具有多普勒频率变化率的卫星导航信号在FrFT后呈现能量聚焦特性,所提方法能够显著提高信号的长时间相干积分增益。同时对所提算法的捕获概率、平均捕获时间以及算法复杂度等性能指标进行了理论分析及计算机仿真验证。仿真表明,与传统的PMF-FFT方法相比,所提方法能够通过延长相干积分时间的方式有效提升高动态低信噪比卫星导航信号的捕获概率、降低捕获时间。     

风扇前传噪声及声衬特性研究

为了探究航空发动机的风扇噪声,通过试验研究了缩尺风扇前传噪声在不同转速工况下的频谱特性和周向模态特性,并对所设计的环形声衬降噪效果进行了验证。研究结果表明,基于试验测量数据分析得到的频谱特性和周向模态特性满足转静干涉噪声理论。随着转速的提高,风扇纯音噪声越显著,高转速工况下纯音噪声的能量约占风扇前传噪声的85%。在所研究的工况范围内,该声衬对目标频率及模态均有显著的降噪效果,且在85%转速工况时的纯音降噪效果最优,其主模态的传声损失约为59dB。该声衬对于设计频率附近的宽频噪声也有一定降噪效果,在85%转速时的宽频噪声平均传递损失约为3dB。     

Operational modal parameter identification with colored noise excitation

Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) refers to the modal analysis of a structure in its operating state. The advantage of OMA is that only the output vibration signal of a system is used in the analysis process. Classic OMA is based on the white noise excitation assumption and many identification methods have been developed in both time domain and frequency domain. But in reality, many environmental excitations are not compliance with the white noise assumption. In this paper, a method of half power bandwidth analysis is applied to power spectrum analysis to deal with the colored noise and trapezoidal spectral excitation. The modal frequencies and modal damping ratios are derived and the error caused by trapezoidal spectral and colored noise excitation are analyzed. It is proved that the OMA algorithm based on the white noise assumption can be extended to the colored noise environments under certain conditions. Finally, a simulation example with a cantilever beam and a vibration test with four kinds of colored noise and trapezoidal spectrum base excitation are carried out and the results support the proposed method.