Geometric error analysis of an over-constrained parallel tracking mechanism using the screw theory

This paper deals with geometric error modeling and sensitivity analysis of an overconstrained parallel tracking mechanism. The main contribution is the consideration of overconstrained features that are usually ignored in previous research. The reciprocal property between a motion and a force is applied to tackle this problem in the framework of the screw theory. First of all, a nominal kinematic model of the parallel tracking mechanism is formulated. On this basis, the actual twist of the moving platform is computed through the superposition of the joint twist and geometric errors. The actuation and constrained wrenches of each limb are applied to exclude the joint displacement. After eliminating repeated errors brought by the multiplication of wrenches, a geometric error model of the parallel tracking mechanism is built. Furthermore,two sensitivity indices are defined to select essential geometric errors for future kinematic calibration. Finally, the geometric error model with minimum geometric errors is verified by simulation with SolidWorks software. Two typical poses of the parallel tracking mechanism are selected, and the differences between simulation and calculation results are very small. The results confirm the correctness and accuracy of the geometric error modeling method for over-constrained parallel mechanisms.     

存储系统中两级纠错编码方案设计与验证

针对恶劣空间环境设计了一种两级存储编码方案，以应对航天系统中存储单元发生多个单粒子翻转（SEU）错误的问题。方案设计的主要思想是根据简单低纠错编码组合出高容错编码，通过编码组合，使用字间编码来纠正字内编码无法纠正的错误，从而使存储系统更加可靠；对两级编码方案提出若干优化策略，以提高编解码性能，使得两级冗余编码效率接近于原始字内编码。实验结果表明，提出的两级冗余编码方案能够较好解决存储系统中发生多个单粒子翻转错误的问题。即与单一的字内编码相比，两级纠错编码方案能够大大降低星上存储系统出现不可修复的概率，保证了星上存储系统的可靠运行。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on surface quality for two-point incremental sheet forming with interpolator

The unsatisfied surface quality seriously impedes the wide application of incremental sheet forming (ISF) in industrial field. As a novel approach, the interpolator method is a promising strategy to enhance the surface quality in ISF. However, the mechanism for the improvement of surface quality and the influence of interpolator properties on surface roughness are not well understood. In this paper, the influences of process variables (i.e. tool diameter, step size and thickness of interpolators) on the forming process (e.g. surface roughness, forming force and geometric error) are investigated through a systematic experimental approach of central composite design (CCD) in two-point incremental sheet forming (TPIF). It is obtained that the increase in thickness of interpolators decreases the surface roughness in direction vertical to the tool path while increases the surface roughness in direction horizontal to the tool path. Nevertheless, the combined influence between thickness of interpolators and process parameters (tool diameter and step size) is limited. Meanwhile, the placement of interpolator has little influence on the effective forming force of blank. In addition, the geometric error enlarges with the increase of step size and thickness of interpolator while decreases firstly and then increase with an increase in tool diameter. Finally, the influencing mechanism of the interpolator method on surface quality can be attributed to the decrease of the contact pressure due to the increase of contact area with the unchanged contact force. Meanwhile, the interpolator method eliminates the sliding friction on the surface of blank due to the stable relative position between the blank and the interpolator.     

考虑星历误差的天文测角/时间延迟量测组合导航方法

基于太阳震荡的时间延迟是一种新型天文导航量测量，可以提供探测器相对反射天体的距离信息，与星光角距量测量结合，可以提高导航性能。然而，星光角距量测模型与时间延迟量测模型均含有火卫一相对火星的位置矢量，火卫一的星历误差将影响导航精度。针对这一问题，提出了一种基于在线估计的天文测角/时间延迟量测组合导航方法，建立了包含火卫一位置及速度的状态模型，利用星光角距及时间延迟量测量同时对火卫一的位置和速度进行在线估计，仿真结果表明，提出的方法可以有效抑制火卫一星历误差对组合导航精度的影响，为探测器提供高精度的自主导航信息。     

北斗空间信号误差统计特征及描述方法研究

通过对比北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou Navigation Satellite System,BDS)广播星历与事后精密星历,提取了轨道和卫星时钟误差。基于北斗轨道误差及北斗卫星时钟误差统计特征分析,构建区别于全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)的BDS空间信号用户测距误差(Signal-In-Space User Range Error,SISRE)描述方法,对BDS广播星历中用户测距精度(User Range Accuracy,URA)进行了验证。6个月的北斗数据测试结果表明,北斗GEO、IGSO和MEO卫星的URA分别为3.0m、1.9m和1.6m。     

微分法在定位误差分析与计算中的应用

介绍了微分法分析计算定位误差的原理和适用范围,通过生产实例分析,证明了该方法在解决多误差因素定位误差分析与计算中的简便与快捷,从而有效简化了复杂定位方案定位误差的分析与计算,提高了夹具的设计效率。     

火星大气进入段抗饱和固定时间阻力加速度跟踪制导律设计

研究了具有固定时间收敛特性的火星探测器大气进入段的标称轨迹跟踪制导问题。首先，针对横向运动，给出与速度成线性关系的航向误差漏斗走廊形式，完成了倾侧角的反号逻辑设计。与横程漏斗走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑计算量小，更适用于宇航计算机。与航向误差宽度走廊反号逻辑相比，该逻辑在高速状态下能够避免倾侧角的频繁切换，可提高任务成功的概率。其次，针对纵向运动，通过RBF神经网络补偿了倾侧角饱和问题，利用积分滑模设计了阻力加速度固定时间饱和跟踪制导律，其不仅可有效消除滑模控制的抖振问题，且将跟踪误差以两种不同形式引入制导律，能够加速收敛，能够保证跟踪误差在固定时间内快速收敛至0。最后，通过数值仿真验证了所设计的横向倾侧角切换逻辑和纵向制导律对标称轨迹的快速、精确跟踪能力。     

分析插值误差和斜率的轨迹优化网格细化方法

提出一种基于插值误差和斜率分析的轨迹优化自适应网格细化方法，包括节点插入算法和节点删除算法。节点插入算法分析各个离散节点的控制变量的插值误差。若插值误差较大，则在该节点周围增加节点细化网格；否则，不进行细化。节点删除算法分析各个离散节点处的控制变量斜率。若某个节点的左斜率和右斜率都为零，那么删除该节点；否则，保留该节点。采用三个典型的轨迹优化算例验证了所提出的方法的有效性和特色，并且与其它几种网格细化方法进行了对比。仿真结果表明，本文方法生成的网格规模较小，需要的网格迭代次数较少，能够快速、高精度求解非光滑轨迹优化问题。     

一种机器人球腕的模型优化方法

许多机器人的共同特点是在操作臂末端安装了球腕.球腕是机器人上一个重要的独立结构,它的静态误差必然影响操作臂末端执行器的位姿精度.以机器人末端的球腕作为独立的研究对象,在静态误差分析的基础上,提出了一个评价球腕精度的综合指标.根据这一指标建立优化模型,对存在静态误差的球腕模型进行优化,从而建立新的球腕运动学模型.应用新模型进行运动学及动力学解算,可以减小机器人球腕的位姿误差,特别是减小具有较大静态误差的机器人球腕的位姿误差.通过对机器人球腕进行的局部优化,整个机器人末端执行器的运动精度将在一定程度上有所提高.     

光纤陀螺随机漂移模型

随机漂移是光纤陀螺的主要误差,建立数学模型在输出中补偿是抑制该项误差、提高光纤陀螺精度的有效方法.光纤陀螺静态输出为随机过程,对该随机过程的平稳性和正态性进行分析,拟合趋势项、周期项并补偿,使其成为平稳随机序列.采用时间序列分析法建立光纤陀螺随机漂移模型,根据随机漂移自相关和偏相关系数的特性辨识模型的类型和阶数,利用最小二乘方法估计模型参数,得到光纤陀螺随机漂移模型为AR(2).对陀螺输出数据补偿,检验模型的适用性.结果表明,该模型具有很好的适用性,能够有效抑制随机漂移,提高光纤陀螺精度,可以作为惯导系统卡尔曼滤波器状态变量的数学模型.