2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊缝Al2Cu相聚集行为特征分析

对2219C10S状态铝合金进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验,发现焊缝中存在聚集物的异常聚集现象,聚集相在X光检测中显示为亮白色聚集物,主要形态分为团块状、线状和指状三种,聚集相处焊缝的力学性能与无聚集相焊缝的力学性能基本相同。各形态聚集相的分布位置受搅拌头焊接影响区域的不同而不同,团块状聚集相主要存在于焊核中心或偏焊缝上表面位置处,线状和指状聚集相主要存在于焊核中心或偏焊缝根部位置处。对异常聚集相进行能谱分析知,聚集相主要组成元素为Al和Cu,原子百分比近似为2∶1,确定聚集相主要成分为Al2Cu。对聚集相的成因进行分析认为,聚集相的产生主要受搅拌摩擦焊接热输入及搅拌头机械搅拌作用的影响,在焊接过程中,塑态软化金属中的Al2Cu在填补搅拌针后方空腔的过程中出现了聚集行为,随着塑态金属的凝固,聚集行为开始变得缓慢并结束。     

2219铝合金变截面结构搅拌摩擦焊接工艺及组织特性

针对变截面结构产品,提出了一种变截面搭接结构搅拌摩擦焊接方法,通过加装辅助板将整条焊缝焊接方向上补偿为等厚度。焊接采用一次定位焊接+二次定位焊接+正式焊接的工艺方式,一次定位焊为预定位,二次定位焊保证辅助板与试片主体结构之间形成有效连接,正式焊保证形成完整的焊缝。焊缝表面成形良好,超声相控阵检测无超标缺陷。通过对力学性能的分析,变截面搭接结构处焊缝与非搭接处焊缝和常规对接焊缝的力学性能基本相同,平均抗拉强度均达到母材的70%以上,平均延伸率均在5.8%以上。变截面搭接焊缝焊核处晶粒形态为细小的等轴晶,靠近轴肩影响区部分的晶粒尺寸大于靠近焊缝根部的晶粒尺寸,受再结晶影响,焊缝两侧热机影响区处辅助板搭接界面消失。     

焊后时效处理对2219铝合金VPTIG接头微区组织和显微硬度的影响

研究了不同温度焊后时效处理对2219铝合金变极性钨极氩弧焊(VPTIG)接头各微区显微组织的影响,采用显微硬度测试和透射电镜观察分析焊接接头各微区析出相的形貌和分布。结果表明,焊后时效处理温度不同,焊接接头各微区显微组织和硬度发生的变化不同。热影响区中的完全回复区对焊后时效最为敏感,低温处理时显微硬度就有明显增长,并在160℃处理时达到最大涨幅;焊缝区变化相对较小,其显微硬度的最高涨幅出现在210℃,且小于前者;热影响区中的过时效区最为稳定,显微硬度的最大增长同样出现在160℃,但涨幅很小。透射电镜观察表明,焊接接头各微区的显微硬度变化主要与时效强化相的析出行为有关。     

用凝固模拟方法预测铝合金铸件缩松的形成

用有限元法和六节点等参数单元对铝合金金属型铸造过程进行了温度场的数值模拟，对铸件不同典型部位进行了金相分析，结果表明，参数Ｇ／可有效地预测铝合金缩松形成倾向的大小，计算值与实测值基本一致。     

TIG补焊对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头微观组织及性能影响

通过对原始搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头中间位置进行缺口挖补以模拟焊缝缺陷,采用钨极氩弧焊（TIG）补焊对其进行焊缝缺陷修复试验,研究该补焊工艺对接头微观组织及力学性能的影响规律,为贮箱的FSW焊缝性能评价提供技术支撑和后续工程指导。结果表明,相较于FSW接头,补焊接头TIG焊缝区主要由较大的等轴树枝晶组成,且与FSW焊缝交界处相互掺杂着粗大等轴晶和细小等轴晶;补焊接头固溶区受热循环影响较大,晶粒较为粗大,而过时效区受热循环影响较小,会发生过时效化并形成软化区。补焊接头抗拉强度与延伸率相较于原始FSW接头有所降低,硬度分布大致呈“W”形,WNZ区为硬度值最低处;补焊接头断裂位置始于焊趾处,断口存在大量韧窝,同时韧窝内存在第二相粒子,呈现韧性断裂机制。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头缺陷补焊

对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头中出现的未焊透和孔洞缺陷进行一次、二次搅拌摩擦补焊实验。结果表明：在合适的补焊工艺参数下,可有效消除接头原有缺陷,获得成形美观,性能良好的接头;随补焊次数的增加,接头软化区域显著增加;含有上述两种缺陷接头一次补焊后拉伸性能显著提高,二次补焊接头相比于一次补焊接头拉伸性能有所降低;含有缺陷的原始接头拉伸时均于缺陷处起裂导致接头塑性较低,补焊后接头都断裂于后退侧热影响区与热机影响区交界处,呈韧性断裂模式。     

星箭锁紧装置黏滞摩擦系数的影响因素研究

星箭锁紧装置是卫星与火箭连接的关键机构。装置中的V形卡块在预紧力施加过程中,易发生偏斜,使得星箭分离配合面接触不均匀,产生应力集中,导致星箭分离面黏着磨损。研究了星箭锁紧装置中的V形卡块和上下端框的铝合金摩擦副在不同影响因素下摩擦系数的变化,探究了温度、正压力以及铝合金表面粗糙度对界面黏着和黏滞摩擦系数的影响。研究结果表明,硫酸阳极化处理的2A14T6-2A14T6比较适合作为摩擦副材料,在加工和锁紧过程中,应合理控制其粗糙度、温度和正压力,以避免黏着磨损。     

Forming Characteristics of Al-alloy Large-diameter Thin-walled Tubes in NC-bending Under Axial Compressive Loads

Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control (NC) bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs). It may be a way solving this problem to exert axial compression loads (ACL) on the tube end in the bending. Thus, this article establishes a three-dimensional (3D) elastic-plastic explicit finite element (FE) model for the bending under ACL and has its reliability verified. Through a multi-index orthogonal experiment design, a combination of process parameters, each expressed by a proper range, for this FE model is derived to overcome the compression instability on tube ends. By combining the FE model with a wrinkling energy prediction model, an in-depth study is conducted on the forming characteristics of large-diameter AATTs with small bending radii and it can be concluded that (1) The larger the tube diameters and the smaller the bending radii, the larger the induced tangent tension stress zones on tube intrados, by which the tube maximum tangent compression stress zones will be partitioned in the bending processes; thus, the smaller the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees and the larger the compression instability possibilities on tube ends. (2) The tube wrinkling possibilities under ACL are larger than without ACL acting in the earlier forming periods, and smaller in the later ones. (3) For the tubes with a size factor less than 80, the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees are stronger than in increasing wrinkling possibilities.     

Effect of blank quenching on shear spinning forming precision of 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components

The quenching-spinning (Q-S) process, i.e., shear spinning after blank quenching, has been increasingly utilized to form 2219 aluminum alloy complex thin-walled components. However, the changes in material property, shape and stress of the blanks after quenching will affect the spinning forming precision. In this study, the rules and mechanisms of these effects are investigated based on a combined finite element (FE) model including blank quenching and component spinning process. The results indicate that the increase of material strength and the existence of distortion of the quenched blank lead to a notable increase in the non-uniformity of the circumferential compressive stress in the spinning area and the increase of the flange swing height during spinning. These changes result in an increase in the wall thickness and component-mandrel gap of the components. The quenching residual stress has little effect on wall thickness and roundness but can noticeably reduce the component-mandrel gap. This is because that the existence of quenching residual stress of the blank can lead to the decrease of the maximum circumferential compressive stress of the workpiece in spinning and an obvious drop in the maximum compressive stress after reaching the stress peak. Quenching distortion is the main factor affecting the roundness. Moreover, the optimized installation way of the blank for spinning is obtained.     

Cu含量对2219铝合金锻件及其焊接接头组织与性能的影响

采用力学拉伸实验、焊接实验、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、循环阳极极化曲线(Tafel)以及金相和扫描电镜(SEM)等分析测试方法,研究Cu含量对2219铝合金锻件组织与性能的影响。结果表明:降低Cu含量,有利于减少2219铝合金基体内的残余结晶相,并有效抑制在合金焊接过程中粗大Al_2Cu相的析出,使基材和焊件的伸长率显著提高,强度略有下降;Cu在铝基体中形成Al_2Cu相诱导合金发生局部腐蚀,使材料的耐腐蚀性能变差,降低Cu含量能够减小合金的腐蚀倾向,改善合金的耐腐蚀性能。