密度比对弯扭导叶扇形孔气膜冷却效率的影响

针对带扇形气膜孔的三维弯扭的高压涡轮一级导叶，采用压力敏感漆传质类比测量技术，研究了不同密度比与质量流量比下叶片的全表面气膜冷却效率分布特性。结果表明：叶片气膜冷却效率随密度比和质量流量比的增加而增大，冷气密度比从1.0增加到2.0时，叶片展向平均气膜冷却效率提升6%～32%。气膜冷却效率随密度比呈现非线性的变化，冷气密度比从1.0增加到1.5时，气膜冷却效率的增幅较小，密度比从1.5增加到2.0时，气膜冷却效率的增幅较大。     

航空弧齿锥齿轮副风阻功率损失分析与优化

基于CFD理论，利用Fluent求解软件，借助超级计算机强大的并行运算能力对航空弧齿锥齿轮副风阻功率损失进行仿真计算。采用局部综合法建立弧齿锥齿轮副三维模型，选用RNG k-ε湍流模型，考虑平均流动中的旋流流动情况，与标准k-ε模型相比，RNG通过修正湍流黏度并很好地处理了高应变率以及流线弯曲程度较大的流动。齿轮边界运动通过UDF(user-defined functions)函数驱动，同时采用动网格模拟流场形状由于边界运动而随时间改变问题。最后得出无挡风罩和不同挡风罩配置下的齿轮副风阻功率损失，证实了合理安装挡风罩能够有效降低齿轮风阻损失，并分析多组仿真实验间的减速器内流场压力、速度、湍流动能云图变化，得出了最优化的挡风罩配置，以求最小化风阻功率损失，文中减阻效果最好的挡风罩能降低55.3%的齿轮风阻损失，此时挡风罩间隙为1 mm，为工程实际应用挡风罩的设计提供了参考。     

A novel architecture of electro-hydrostatic actuator with digital distribution

To address the flow imbalance rapidly of the asymmetric Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator (EHA), this paper presents a novel architecture of asymmetric EHA with the Digital Distribution (EHA-DD). It also improves the flow nonlinearity and control accuracy of the pump, especially in the low-speed condition. The digital distribution with two High-Speed on–off Valves (HSVs) not only balances flow instead of the check valves, but also replaces the pump at the low-speed to control output flow by adjusting the PWM signal. The pump and HSVs are the crucial components to control flow output. Firstly, the flow calculation models of the pump and the duty ratio inversed model of the HSV are obtained through experimental tests and the identification method. To get the control input signal for the required flow, the pump speed and PWM duty ratio for the HSVs are inversed to compensate for flow output. Further, a multimode digital flow distribution control method based on pump speed, mainly including the pump-controlled mode for large flow demand and valve-controlled mode for little flow demand, is proposed to control the accurate flow output actively. The step extension experiments based on the flow calculation models are conducted on the EHA-DD prototype under elastic, opposite varying load. The results demonstrate that the EHA-DD realizes little position error by accurate flow control, and it is also beneficial to improve the service life of the pump.     

基于自适应网格的钝头体激波诱导燃烧现象数值模拟研究

钝头体激波诱导燃烧是爆震研究的一个基本问题。针对化学恰当量比的H2/Air预混气在Ma=4.79和Ma=6.46时的激波诱导燃烧现象开展数值模拟研究，采用基于有限体积法的块结构自适应网格加密程序AMROC对带化学反应源项的轴对称Euler方程解耦求解，考察了数值模拟中不同形式的MUSCL重构格式、限制器类型以及化学反应机理等重要因素对模拟结果的影响。结果表明，程序能够根据设定的加密判据较好地实现网格自适应加密，减小总网格量，实现高效数值模拟。通过与实验数据的对比，表明非定常激波诱导燃烧算例的准确程度不仅取决于化学反应机理，也取决于限制器类型，而采用两种不同形式的MUSCL重构格式获得的振荡频率则几乎一致，与试验结果的误差分别为1.17%和0.97%。模拟对比经典的Jachimowski机理和近年来新发展的几种包含压力相关反应步的氢/氧反应机理，模拟结果表明：对于Ma=4.79时的非定常激波诱导燃烧模拟，经典的Jachimowski机理仍然是能够给出与实验结果最接近的反应机理；而对于Ma=6.46时的定常激波诱导燃烧模拟，几种反应机理均能给出与实验吻合较好的结果。     

高超声速伸缩式变形飞行器再入制导方法

针对高超声速变形飞行器再入制导问题，提出了一种采用伸缩式机翼的高超声速变形飞行器外形方案，建立了含有展长变形量的气动模型和动力学模型。将该变形飞行器的展长变形量扩展为控制变量，分析了倾侧角、展长变形量和终端航程、高度之间的关系。在此基础上，利用倾侧角和展长变形量在线预测剩余航程和终端高度，通过数值方法校正2个控制量以满足航程约束和高度约束，通过航向角走廊确定倾侧角符号。仿真结果表明:该变形飞行器再入制导方法制导精度高，相比于传统固定外形飞行器终端约束能力更强、轨迹更加平滑，且在扰动条件下具有一定鲁棒性。      

中心分级燃烧室慢车工况油雾场特性

为获得中心分级燃烧室慢车工况下主副级油雾场特性，采用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）对单管燃烧室不同头部方案和不同喷嘴燃油比例的油雾场进行试验测量，开发了油雾场图像后处理软件，对油雾场图像进行后处理，获得了中心分级燃烧室油雾场空间分布。慢车工况下油雾场试验结果表明：大粒径油珠在燃烧室富油头部区域呈锥形分布，同时索太尔平均直径（SMD）沿径向呈V型分布，即中间小、两侧大。燃烧室头部折流板扩张角的减小，使得燃烧室富油头部区域油珠数目集中、同时平均SMD较大。保持来流条件和油气比一定时，改变燃油比例对燃烧室雾化效果影响不大。油雾场中油珠数目最多的粒径是25μm，而体积占比最大的粒径范围是30～50μm。     

旋翼减摆自润滑衬套疲劳试验温度设计与控制

以高分子材料自润滑衬套为研究对象，其摩擦阻尼为旋翼摆振铰提供减摆阻尼，在直升机飞行时，摆振铰作周期摆振运动，产生大量的热，引起衬套温度升高，易造成摆振自润滑衬套阻尼值剧烈变化。通过建立旋翼支臂摆振铰自润滑衬套摩擦生热模型，计算了摆振铰摩擦总热流量，按摩擦副接触面最高温度相等假设计算热流量分配。对传热过程应用有限元稳态热进行求解，获得了直升机旋翼运转时摆振铰摩擦副的温度分布，再进行自润滑衬套疲劳耐久性试验装置水冷散热等同性分析，最终确定了试验装置控制温度参数，为旋翼摆振铰自润滑衬套疲劳耐久性考核试验设计和验证提供参数。     

A multi-stage regulation strategy of space manipulators with a free-swinging joint failure

To ensure tasks can be completed after a free-swinging joint failure occurs, a multi-stage regulation strategy of space manipulators is proposed. Considering all terms of the dynamics equation, an evaluation model of the regulation ability (EMRA) of active joints over the fault joint is established based on the fuzzy entropy. And then a multi-stage regulation strategy based on the EMRA is designed to regulate the fault joint. The strategy divides the regulation process into several stages, and select a certain active joint to regulative the fault joint in every stage. With this multi-stage regulation strategy, the fault joint can be regulated to the desired angle without huge torque on regulative joints. The simulation is carried out with a 7-DOF space manipulator, verifying the correctness and effectiveness of the multi-stage regulation strategy. The strategy has three advantages: Coriolis and centrifugal terms are both considered for the first time in selecting the regulative joint, making the selection result more in line with the actual regulation process; The influence of the model uncertainty is eliminated in establishing the EMRA, making the evaluation of regulative ability more precise; The fault joint is successfully regulated to the desired angle without huge torque on regulative joints.     

High-adaption locomotion with stable robot body for planetary exploration robot carrying potential instruments on unstructured terrain

There is a strong demand for Planetary Exploration Mobile robots (PEMRs) that have the capability of the traversability, stability, efficiency and high load while tackling the specialized tasks on planet surface. In this paper, an electric parallel wheel-legged hexapod robot which has high-adaption locomotion on the unstructured terrain is presented. Also, the hybrid control framework, which enables robot to stably carry the heavy loads as well as to traverse the uneven terrain by utilizing both legged and wheeled locomotion, is also proposed. Based on this framework, robot controls the multiple DOF leg for performing high-adaption locomotion to negotiate obstacles via Gait Generator (GG). Additionally, by using Whole-Body Control (WBC) of framework, robot has the capability of flexibly accommodating the uneven terrain by Attitude Control (AC) kinematically adjusting the length of legs like an active suspension system, and by Force/torque Balance Control (FBC) equally distributing the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) to maintain a stable body. The simulation and experiment are employed to validate the proposed framework with the physical system in the planetary analog environments. Particularly, to smoothly demonstrate the performance of robot transporting heavy loads, the experiment of carrying 3-person load of about 240 kg is deployed.     

VxWorks 653 应用性能监控与分析工具

介绍了VxWorks 653应用性能监控与分析工具的整体架构和各功能模块的设计与实现方法,其中重点阐述了目标机端时间资源监控、空间资源监控、系统事件监控、数据通信监控的实现方法.该工具能够在航电应用软件集成验证阶段提供应用运行过程中资源使用情况监控和性能分析评估,可以大幅提高航电软件的开发和集成效率.