中心分级燃烧室慢车工况油雾场特性

为获得中心分级燃烧室慢车工况下主副级油雾场特性，采用粒子图像测速仪（PIV）对单管燃烧室不同头部方案和不同喷嘴燃油比例的油雾场进行试验测量，开发了油雾场图像后处理软件，对油雾场图像进行后处理，获得了中心分级燃烧室油雾场空间分布。慢车工况下油雾场试验结果表明：大粒径油珠在燃烧室富油头部区域呈锥形分布，同时索太尔平均直径（SMD）沿径向呈V型分布，即中间小、两侧大。燃烧室头部折流板扩张角的减小，使得燃烧室富油头部区域油珠数目集中、同时平均SMD较大。保持来流条件和油气比一定时，改变燃油比例对燃烧室雾化效果影响不大。油雾场中油珠数目最多的粒径是25μm，而体积占比最大的粒径范围是30～50μm。     

A novel control method for turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed based on the Ngdot estimator through LQG/LTR and rotor predicted torque feedforward

In order to compensate for the disturbance of wide variation in rotor demanded torque on power turbine speed and realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine during variable rotor speed, a cascade PID control method based on the acceleration estimator of gas turbine speed (Ngdot) and rotor predicted torque feedforward is proposed. Firstly, a two-speed Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) model is applied in the integrated rotor/turboshaft engine system to achieve variable rotor speed. Then, an online estimation method of Ngdot based on the Linear Quadratic Gaussian with Loop Transfer Recovery (LQG/LTR) is proposed for power turbine speed cascade control. Finally, according to the cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator, a rotor demanded torque predicted method based on the Min-batch Gradient Descent-Neural Network (MGD-NN) is put forward to compromise the influence of rotor torque interference. The simulation results show that compared with cascade PID controller based on Ngdot estimator and the one combined with collective pitch feedforward control, the novel control method proposed can reduce the overshoot of power turbine speed by more than 20%, which possesses faster response, superior dynamic effect and satisfactory robustness performance. The control method proposed can realize the fast response control of turboshaft engine with variable rotor speed better.     

Microstructure,porosity and mechanical properties of selective laser melted AlSi10Mg

Finite element modeling (FEM), microscopy, X-ray computed tomography (CT) and mechanical property tests were used to study the microstructure, porosity and mechanical properties of an AlSi10Mg alloy produced by selective laser melting (SLM). The simulation of the melt pool and thermal history under different energy densities produced an optimized result with an energy density of 44.5 J·mm⁻³. The high cooling rate during the SLM process significantly refined the previous α-Al dendrites. The growth direction of the network-like Al-Si eutectic structure at different orientations confirmed the anisotropic nature of the microstructure. Furthermore, the microhardness, tensile testing and fracture analysis results proved that there were no obvious distinctions in the strength between the transverse and longitudinal directions, and that the ductility was anisotropic, possibly due to the shape and distribution of the pores. The pores measured by X-ray CT at different energy densities confirmed that the sphericity of the pores was inversely related to pores volumes. With optimized processing conditions, the porosity of the selective laser melted sample decreased leading to the improved fabricated fuel system component via SLM.     

航空发动机分布式控制通讯网络拓扑结构优化

针对航空发动机分布式控制系统通讯网络拓扑结构的构架问题,建立航空涡扇发动机机匣模型,选取具有代表性的10个传感器作为控制节点开展研究。同时考虑发动机表面存在通讯总线不可通过区域,以及控制节点的工作可靠性因其重要程度存在差异的约束条件,利用遗传算法对航空发动机分布式控制系统通讯网络的拓扑结构进行优化设计。结果表明:优化过程简单,并且优化得到的通讯网络拓扑结构在满足约束条件的基础上线束总长度最短。     

涡轴发动机/直升机综合控制仿真平台设计

建立了UH-60直升机/T700涡轴发动机综合控制数字仿真平台。基于VC++环境开发了包含UH-60直升机/T700涡轴发动机综合实时模型的上位机程序,与运行机载涡轴发动机+旋翼实时模型及在线优化控制模式的下位机程序。两者基于TCP/IP协议实时通讯,可进行模拟实际直/发综合优化控制的数字仿真实验。在该数字仿真环境下,分别给出了提高直升机常规飞行性能的多种优化控制模式仿真、变旋翼转速优化控制以及快速功率跟随控制模式仿真,充分表明该平台可为新一代直/发综合系统的开发研制提供一个可靠的前期数字仿真验证。     

航空发动机电液伺服系统机载模型监控设计

为了监控航空发动机电液伺服系统中不易通过机内测试电路诊断的异常或故障,提出一种机载模型监控方法,采用AMESim工具进行系统的建模,之后对模型进行校准、实时化和线性化处理。在对监控算法进行了设计与仿真之后,用C代码编程实现了模型监控算法,并运行于发动机电子控制器中。对某发动机燃油计量装置的试验表明:机载模型监控可以有效监测系统中因元部件性能衰减、卡滞、零偏漂移等引起的异常或故障,并能补偿电液伺服阀的零偏漂移和容错运行,避免控制功能失效或过快降级。可为航空发动机及相关领域的电液伺服系统机载模型监控设计提供参考。     

某型机械液压式航空发动机导叶调节器方案设计

以某型按压气机换算转速进行导叶控制的发动机为研究对象,介绍了其导叶控制机械液压式调节器方案的设计和工作原理,并进行了结构参数设计计算。     

某型涡轴发动机数控系统的机械液压备份控制方案研究

综合国内外涡轴发动机控制系统的发展趋势及成熟度的基础上,提出了一种带机械液压备份功能的控制系统方案,该方案的机械液压备份功能模块能跟随数字控制功能模块,并能够在数字控制失效后平稳切换到机械液压备份控制,具有在包线范围内实现发动机的燃油和导叶机械液压备份控制功能,保证涡轴发动机安全工作和直升机的安全返航.该方案通过工程设计、试制,开展了半物理试验和台架试验验证,验证结果表明:该备份控制方案的动力涡轮转速控制精度优于±0.5%,导叶控制精度优于4°,具有良好的工程应用性.      

面向硅压阻式压力传感器温度补偿的组合方法

提出一种面向硅压阻式压力传感器温度补偿的组合方法,采用拟合法建立不同温度下压力传感器变换函数,采用基于变换函数系数的线性插值法获得温度补偿后传感器变换函数,设计了压力传感器信号处理模块,开展了基于组合补偿方法的压力信号补偿过程仿真,结果表明经温度补偿后,压力测量精度在0.1%以内,温度补偿过程耗时约10 μs,补偿算法占用片上资源少,能够满足压气机出口压力测量要求。      

基于模态切换的航空发动机容错控制

综合了航空发动机控制和故障诊断方法,设计了基于模态切换的任务级和发动机级模式的容错控制系统.任务级模式在发动机部件故障时,通过切换控制策略和控制模式达到恢复或降低发动机性能的要求;发动机级模式在控制回路失效时,根据故障情况切换到容错控制回路,从而保证发动机继续正常工作.数字仿真结果表明:在稳态或加速过程中出现部件故障时,容错控制系统都能够100%恢复发动机的推力;在发动机中间、慢车和节流状态下,当压气机转速控制回路失效时,容错控制系统能够在3s内平稳切换到风扇转速控制回路.