离心压气机自循环机匣处理扩稳机理分析

自循环机匣处理能大幅提高离心压气机的稳定工作裕度,其回流的抽吸和二次注入具有明显的宏观流动特征。将主流按与二次注入流是否发生掺混分为掺混主流和无掺混主流两股流体,并将离心叶轮按导风轮和工作轮两个压缩部件对自循环机匣处理的作用机理分别进行了分析。数值模拟结果表明:回流流量、回流二次注入的预旋角以及二次注入流占用主流道流通面积的大小是自循环机匣处理扩稳的3个重要因素;二次注入流通过直接掺混和挤占流道使主流收缩加速两种方式减小了导风轮的进气攻角;机匣处理同时加大了导风轮和工作轮尖部的流通能力,抑制了导风轮的叶尖分离,改变了导风轮展向的载荷分布,在减小导风轮尖部载荷的同时提高了工作轮叶尖的做功能力,从而延缓了流动失稳的发生。     

转子叶顶间隙泄漏流轨迹前移的动力学机制

为了揭示压气机转子节流时其叶顶间隙流动的演变趋势及其形成机理,选取某亚声速轴流压气机转子为研究对象,采用多通道非定常数值计算方法对其内部流场进行了全三维数值模拟.结果表明:随着压气机转子流量减少,主流轴向动量减小,而在叶顶间隙两侧压力梯度和二次泄漏流的共同作用下,叶顶间隙泄漏流的轴向动量却不断增大,导致叶顶间隙区域内泄漏流与主流的轴向动量比不断增大,从而推动叶顶间隙泄漏流与主流的交界面不断向上游移动,这意味着叶顶间隙泄漏流在叶顶通道内造成的流动阻塞区不断扩大,正是叶顶间隙泄漏流相对于主流的增强造成的叶顶流动阻塞区不断扩大最终导致了该压气机转子进入失速状态.     

动态失速风洞实验数据处理中的频谱分析与数字滤波

动态失速风洞实验是一种非定常实验，其测量所得数据属于随机数据范畴。由于强迫振动频率范围较大，要从中获得有效的实验结果，除了做固定截止频率的模拟滤波外，还必须对其进行数字滤波处理。数据的频谱分析结果表明只须对天平测量信号做数字滤波处理；滤波原则是仅需滤掉天平、支架、模型系统的固有振动频率分量，同时尽可能多地保留实验强迫振动的各阶谐振信号。     

动失速型非定常分离流的主动控制

本文对动失速型非定常分离流的主动控制方法在低速风洞中进行了实验研究。在二元平板模型中部安装一作振荡运动的主扰流板产生动失速型非定常分离流；在其上游的模型表现上安装另一控制用的振荡小扰流板，应用非定常流的相平均测压技术，研究前置小扰流板的控制效果。实验结果表明，通过控制两扰流板之间的运动相位差，可以显著影响并改变动失速型分离涡的强度和对流时间特性。在有利的控制相位下，涡的负压峰值最大可降低４８％，涡     

Effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio on hovering performance of cycloidal rotor with large blade pitching amplitude

In recent years, a lot of research work has been carried out on the cycloidal rotors. However, it lacks thorough understanding about the effects of the blade platform shape on the hover efficiency of the cycloidal rotor, and the knowledge of how to design the platform shape of the blades. This paper presents a numerical simulation model based on Unsteady ReynoldsAveraged Navier–Stokes equations(URANSs), which is further validated by the experimental results. The effects of blade aspect ratio and taper ratio are analyzed, which shows that the cycloidal rotors with the same chord length have quite similar performance even though the blade aspect ratio varies from a very small value to a large one. By comparing the cycloidal rotors with different taper ratios, it is found that the rotors with large blade taper ratio outperform those with small taper ratio. This is due to the fact that the blade with larger taper ratio has longer chord and hence better efficiency. The analysis results show that the unsteady aerodynamic effects due to blade pitching motion play a more important role in the efficiency than the blade platform shape. Therefore we should pay more attention to the blade airfoil and pitching motion than the blade platform shape.The main contributions of this paper include: the analysis of the effects of aspect ratio and taper ratio on the hover efficiency of cycloidal rotor based on both the experimental and numerical simulation results; the finding of the main influencing factors on the hover efficiency; the qualitative guidance on how to design the blade platform shape for cycloidal rotors.     

Numerical investigation of aerodynamic flow actuation produced by surface plasma actuator on 2D oscillating airfoil

Numerical simulation of unsteady flow control over an oscillating NACA0012 airfoil is investigated. Flow actuation of a turbulent flow over the airfoil is provided by low current DC surface glow discharge plasma actuator which is analytically modeled as an ion pressure force produced in the cathode sheath region. The modeled plasma actuator has an induced pressure force of about 2 k Pa under a typical experiment condition and is placed on the airfoil surface at 0% chord length and/or at 10% chord length. The plasma actuator at deep-stall angles(from 5° to 25°) is able to slightly delay a dynamic stall and to weaken a pressure fluctuation in down-stroke motion. As a result, the wake region is reduced. The actuation effect varies with different plasma pulse frequencies, actuator locations and reduced frequencies. A lift coefficient can increase up to 70% by a selective operation of the plasma actuator with various plasma frequencies and locations as the angle of attack changes. Active flow control which is a key advantageous feature of the plasma actuator reveals that a dynamic stall phenomenon can be controlled by the surface plasma actuator with less power consumption if a careful control scheme of the plasma actuator is employed with the optimized plasma pulse frequency and actuator location corresponding to a dynamic change in reduced frequency.     

失速改出伞阻力特征面积估算方法

研究了高平尾布局飞机的气动特性。使用失速改出伞是飞机改出深失速的重要途径,但如何确定失速改出伞的关键参数(阻力面积等)却没有现成的方法。以ARJ21-700飞机为例,分别使用公式分析法、类比法综合估算出失速改出伞的关键参数,通过模型自由飞和模拟仿真分析验证其具有足够效能将飞机改出深失速状态。形成了一套新机失速改出伞的设计方法和关键数据图表,可供其他型号飞机失速改出伞的设计研制使用。     

基于互相关分析的前失速先兆检测分析

 针对轴流压气机流动失稳控制中的反馈信号,采用互相关分析方法对前失速先兆信号进行了检测。通过在机匣壁面周向对称布置的动态传感器对压力信号进行检测分析,并在单转子低速轴流压气机上进行了实验研究。实验中分析了不同流量工况时,对称布置动态传感器压力信号互相关系数的变化趋势,并在此基础上对前失速先兆与叶顶间隙泄漏涡非定常性进行了关联性研究;同时也分析了采用叶顶喷气作为控制手段之后,机匣壁面对称布置传感器动态压力信号的互相关系数随着喷气量增加的变化趋势。实验结果表明:互相关检测分析方法能够有效及时地检测到壁面压力锯齿波的破坏程度,有利于提高控制器的响应速度,留给作动机构充足的反应时间。而且叶顶喷气作为控制手段能够提高对称布置传感器动态压力信号的互相关系数,从而实现拓宽稳定裕度的目的。     

多片后缘小翼对直升机旋翼桨叶动态失速及桨毂振动载荷的控制

 减缓直升机后行桨叶动态失速发生、降低直升机桨毂振动载荷是提高直升机飞行速度、改进直升机飞行性能的重要途径。本文研究了直升机在高速高载情况下利用多片受控的桨叶后缘小翼对直升机的后行桨叶动态失速和桨毂振动载荷同时进行控制的有效方法。建立了弹性桨叶和后缘刚性小翼的结构动力学模型。桨叶剖面气动载荷采用Leishman-Beddoes 二维非定常动态失速模型计算,后缘小翼剖面气动载荷采用Hariharan-Leishman二维亚声速非定常气动模型计算。采用伽辽金和数值积分相结合的方法求解旋翼系统的气弹响应。建立了有效的多片后缘小翼控制策略和控制方法,分析了3片后缘小翼的运动规律及对后行桨叶动态失速和桨毂振动载荷的控制效果,结果表明利用多片小翼的运动是控制桨叶动态失速和桨毂振动载荷的有效方法。     

A Model to Predict Stall Inception of Transonic Axial Flow Fan/Compressors

A stall inception model for transonic fan/compressors is presented in this paper. It can be shown that under some assumptions the solution of unsteady flow field consists of pressure wave which propagates upstream or downstream, vortex wave and entropy wave convected with the mean flow speed. By further using the mode-matching technique and applying the conservation law and conditions reflecting the loss characteristics of a compressor in the inlet and outlet of the rotor or stator blade rows, a group of homogeneous equations can be obtained from which the stability equation can be derived. Based on the analysis of the unsteady phenomenon caused by casing treatments, the function of casing treatments has been modeled by a wall impedance condition which has been included in the stability model through the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the system. Besides, the effect of shock waves in cascade channel on the stability prediction is also considered in the stall inception model. Finally, some numerical analysis and experimental investigation are also conducted with emphasis on the mutual comparison.