滑模干扰观测器在低速光电跟踪系统中的应用

针对摩擦等非线性干扰因素对光电跟踪伺服系统低速性能的影响,系统设计分为两部分完成.将各种干扰信号等效成控制输入端的等效输入干扰(EID,Equivalent Input Disturbance),针对系统名义模型搭建滑模干扰观测器,利用系统的状态观测误差推导出系统的等效输入干扰,并采用Lyapunov函数推导出该观测器稳定收敛的条件,通过设计增益矩阵与反馈矩阵,调整观测器跟踪系统状态的收敛速度,最终实现抑制系统跟踪过程中的干扰信号;针对系统的动态部分设计了自适应加速度稳定控制器,进一步补偿了干扰估计的不足问题,保证了系统动态跟踪的精度与稳定性,增强了控制系统的鲁棒自适应能力.仿真和实验结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于ADRC的涡轴发动机／直升机子系统抗扰控制

主要研究涡轴发动机转速抗扰控制问题,提出了一种基于自抗扰控制技术(ADRC,Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Control)的涡轴发动机增量型串级抗扰控制器设计方法.一方面,采用串级控制结构,内环控制块模态的燃气涡轮转速,外环控制功率涡轮转速,使得内环扰动得到快速抑制.另一方面,每个子回路中通过扩张状态量观测实时地对被控对象内环进行扰动补偿.最后,基于直升机/发动机非线性综合仿真模型的数字仿真表明该控制方法显著改善了涡轴发动机功率跟随特性,提升了直升机/涡轴发动机综合闭环系统的可操控极限.     

可重复使用飞行器鲁棒自抗扰控制

为可重复使用飞行器再入提出一种新的鲁棒自抗扰控制方法.针对一般多输入多输出模型,重新定义状态变量后,分别设计各通道的线性扩张状态观测器.之后提出自抗扰控制系统的一套鲁棒分析与设计方法.应用于姿态控制时,引入最速跟踪微分器对姿态角指令进行滤波,以解决倾侧角反转过程中快速性与抗饱和之间的矛盾.仿真结果表明,设计的控制系统解耦效果良好,鲁棒稳定性较强,饱和问题也得到解决.     

Model Development and Adaptive Imbalance Vibration Control of Magnetic Suspended System

对星载磁悬浮单框架控制力矩陀螺,建立其转子的平动与转动的动力学方程。所建模型反映了转子的动、静不平衡特性,以及转子运动与框架、星体运动的耦合关系。模型是主动磁悬浮控制与动框架效应分析的基础。对动、静不平衡量未知的转子,设计了自适应对中控制器。在分散PD、比例交叉反馈控制器与高低通滤波器的基础上,通过动、静不平衡量的辨识与补偿控制,使转子绕其惯量主轴旋转,衰减角动量交换执行机构高速转子因不平衡而对基座产生的干扰力,消除星上主要颤振源,达到降低卫星姿态抖动的目的。     

电离层H2O释放扰动效应的数值模拟研究

为充分研究化学物质在电离层释放的扰动效应和后期发展效果,基于化学物质在电离层的扩散模型、化学反应和电离层扩展F的控制模型,通过电离层H₂O的释放,研究电子e,H₂O,O⁺和H₂O⁺共4种粒子的分布状态,分析点源、多源和线源释放对电离层的扰动效果,比较不同高度、不同量和不同时间释放的影响结果,模拟夜间释放后期所激发的扩展F发展差异.结果表明,H₂O在电离层释放后,能有效耗散背景电子形成空洞,O⁺和H₂O⁺数密度呈椭圆形分布;点源、多源和运动目标线源等不同释放方式对电离层的扰动效果不同,证实了人工影响一定形态和区域电离层的可能性;H₂O释放扰动幅度,低层大于高层,白天强于夜晚,释放量越多扰动越突出;夜间化学释放能激发扩展F,并且释放量越多,激发效果越好.     

Multi-station observation of ionospheric disturbance of March 9 2012 and comparison with IRI-model

The magnetic storm of 9 March 2012 is a single step intense storm (Dst = −143 nT) whose main phase begins around 0100 UT and lasted for almost 11 h. The increases in NmF2 recorded 33% and 67% incidence respectively during the main and the recovery phase of the storm at the stations considered. The increase in hmF2 occurred concurrently with the increase in thickness parameter B0 between 0000 and 1100 UT, and a simultaneous decrease in the shape parameter B1 for the entire mid-latitude stations. Generally, B1 responded to the storm with a decrease away from the quiet day average, and decreased simultaneously with the increase in NmF2. B0 displays higher variability magnitude during daytime than the nighttime period. The occasional differences in the response of the ionospheric parameters to the storm event are attributed to longitudinal differences. Variation in hmF2 and NmF2 is projected to change in B1, but the rationale behind this effect on B1 is still not known and therefore left open. The two IRI options over-estimate the observed values with that of URSI higher than CCIR. The over-estimation was higher during the nighttime than the daytime for NmF2 response for the mid-latitude stations and the reverse for the equatorial station. A fairer fit of the model with the observed for all parameters over Jicamarca suggests that equatorial regions are better represented on the model. Extensive study of B1 and B0 is recommended to arrive at a better performance of IRI.     

考虑驾驶仪动态特性的固定时间收敛制导律

针对打击机动目标的制导问题,设计了一种同时考虑攻击角度约束、自动驾驶仪动态特性和固定时间收敛的新型制导律。首先,基于非奇异终端滑模控制和固定时间稳定性理论,采用反步递推方法设计制导律。在制导律设计过程中,设计了一种固定时间收敛的非奇异终端滑模面,基于固定时间控制和滑模控制,设计虚拟控制律,构造一种非线性一阶滤波器解决传统反步设计中的"微分膨胀"问题。基于超螺旋算法和固定时间稳定性理论,设计了一种固定时间收敛的滑模干扰观测器,用于估计目标机动等干扰。然后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,对制导律的固定时间稳定性进行了证明,并给出了收敛时间的表达式。最后,通过仿真分析,验证了所提制导律的有效性,和现有制导律相比,所提制导律具有较高的制导精度和角度约束精度、较快的系统收敛速度以及较少的能量消耗。     

Research on the evaluation method of lunar soil disturbance based on the fitting of Gaussian surface

It is crucial to maintain the layer sequence information on in situ lunar soil during the lunar soil sampling. In this paper, a discrete element model for direct push sampling of the lunar weathering layer is established, and the relationship between the perturbation rate of the lunar soil layer sequence information and the sampling depth is obtained. A quantitative evaluation method of the perturbation rate of the structural information on the lunar soil layer sequence based on the Gaussian curvature is proposed by reconstructing the center-of-mass point cloud model of the marked layer lunar soil particles in MATLAB. The proposed method can accurately describe the perturbation rate of lunar soil layer sequence information and can analyze the degree of lunar soil disturbance according to the displacement of the sampling tube and mechanical parameters in real-time inversion during the sampling process. When the sampling depth is 40 mm, the minimum and maximum perturbation rates of sampling along the penetration direction of the machine are 5.261 % and 27.649 %, respectively. The perturbation rate shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. The method proposed in this study could effectively solve the problem that the disturbance of lunar soil bedding information was difficult to evaluate in the sampling process of lunar regolith.     

自抗扰技术在船载天线伺服系统中的应用研究

为减小船摇扰动对船载天线伺服系统指向及跟踪精度的影响,引入线性自抗扰控制器（LADRC）对伺服系统位置环进行改进。首先对天线伺服系统模型进行简要分析,建立系统状态空间方程;然后利用LADRC对系统进行改进,并对其参数设计进行了详细介绍,同时为提高系统动态跟踪性能,利用TD微分器提取目标速度信息进行前馈补偿;最后经实验测试验证,LADRC相对于传统PID控制器能够保持天线伺服系统动态性能不下降,同时有效提高系统的抗船摇性能。     

抗垂风干扰直接升力控制系统设计

一、引言 在垂风干扰作用下,常规飞机往往不能保持航迹角不变,从而使得航迹变化越来越大,这在很多情况下是不符合飞机飞行要求的。而直接升力控制系统,由于实现了对应状态的解耦,在垂风干扰作用下,则可以基本保持航迹角不变。如果采用抗干扰调节器设计方法设计直接升力控制系统,则可以始终保持航迹角为0,从而保证航迹不变。本文以某型飞机为背景讨论了上述问题。采用离散域直接设计。