双级轴向旋流器性能评估方法（一）——综合旋流强度的影响

开展了双级轴向旋流燃烧室反应流场和燃烧性能的理论与数值研究。发展建立了一种多级旋流器性能评估方法，提出了综合旋流强度和能量利用率两个准则数来对旋流器性能进行评估，研究发现，旋流强度和流阻系数是影响旋流器能量利用率的主要因素。采用数值方法研究了双级旋流之间的相互作用机理，结果表明:双级旋流器之间，一级旋流强度对回流区宽度影响较大；综合旋流强度是影响燃烧室整体性能的直接因素；当综合旋流强度小于0.43时，为弱旋流；综合旋流强度介于0.43～0.6之间时，为中等旋流，有十分弱小的回流区；当综合旋流强度大于0.6时，呈强旋流，一定会有回流区出现；当综合旋流强度大于1.03时，为非常强的旋流；综合旋流强度一定时，双级旋流能够增加收益，能量利用较好。通过与实验及数值结果比较发现，该多级旋流器性能评估方法能够对旋流器性能进行准确评估，为未来多级旋流器的设计与性能评估提供了一种实用有效的方法。      

Prediction of electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance

To overcome the problems encountered in predicting the endurance of electricpowered fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),which were stemmed from the dynamic changes in electric power system efficiency and battery discharge characteristics under different operating conditions,the required battery power model and battery discharge model were studied.The required battery power model was determined using an approximate model of electric power system efficiency based on wind tunnel testing and the self-adaptive penalty function.Furthermore,current correction and ambient temperature correction terms were proposed for the trained Kriging model representing the discharge characteristics under standard operation,and then the discharged capacity-terminal voltage model was established.Through numerical integration of this model with the required battery power model,the electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance prediction model was obtained.Laboratory tests indicated that the proposed endurance model could precisely calculate the battery discharge time and accurately describe the battery discharge process.The similarity of the theoretical and flight test results reflected the accuracy of the proposed endurance model as well as the importance of considering dynamic changes in power system efficiency in endurance calculations.The proposed endurance model meeting precision requirements can be used in practical engineering applications.     

不同射流角下等离子体激励对平板气膜冷却影响的数值研究

采用大涡模拟（LES）方法对有/无等离子体激励条件下不同射流角时的平板气膜冷却流场进行了对比研究。结果表明:随着射流角的增大，冷却射流对主流的穿透率与气膜孔下游回流区的范围增大，发卡涡的强度及其抬升射流的能力增强并远离壁面，导致气膜冷却效率降低，但射流角为90°时部分低能冷却流体会进入回流区引起气膜冷却效率升高，故气膜冷却效率在射流角为35°时最大，在射流角为60°时最小；等离子体激励削弱了冷却射流对主流的穿透率，其下拉诱导作用也使得发卡涡头部受到的库塔 儒科夫斯基升力以及水平涡腿间的相互诱导力减小，抑制了发卡涡的发展并促使其破碎为近壁条带结构，从而提高了气膜冷却效率，且射流角越小，上述作用效果越明显，当射流角为35°时中心线气膜冷却效率提高了55%。