航空发动机涡轮部件断裂分析

某航空发动机使用中出现多级涡轮叶片和放气活门随动杆断裂故障,通过现场勘查、断口分析、金相检查和机理分析等手段,确定各断裂件的断裂模式,最终确认放气活门随动杆疲劳断裂是导致涡轮部件超温断裂的主要原因。并在此基础上,对相关工作提出建议。     

Experimental research in rotating wedge-shaped cooling channel with multiple non-equant holes lateral inlet

The heat transfer in a novel smooth wedge-shaped cooling channel with lateral ejection of turbine blade trailing edge is experimentally investigated in both non-rotating and rotating cases. Beside the conventional inlet at the bottom of the channel, an extra coolant injection from 8 lateral non-equant holes is introduced to improve the overall heat transfer. The total mass flow rate ratio (lateral mass flow rate/total mass flow rate) varies from 0 to 1.0. The major inlet Reynolds number and rotation number respectively vary from 10000 to 20000 and from 0 to 1.16. Experimental results show that the lateral inlet decreases local bulk temperature and increases local heat transfer at the middle and the top of the static channel. In rotating cases, the lateral inlet notably improves the heat transfer at the high-radius half channel and compensates the negative effects induced by the rotation. Both intensity and uniformity of heat transfer inside the channel are enhanced while flow resistance decreases with proper mass flow rate ratio of coolant from two inlets. The most satisfactory total mass flow rate ratio is around 2/3. This new structural style of cooling channel has huge potential and provides new direction of heat transfer of turbine blade trailing edge.     

An approach for machining distortion measurements and evaluation of thin-walled blades with small datum

Inspection techniques for aero-engine blades are a hot topic in industry. Since these blades have a sculptured surface and a small datum, measurement results may deviate from an actual position. There are few proper approaches compensating for non-uniform distribution errors that are within specified tolerance ranges. This study aimed to develop a meshing structure measur-ing approach for the distortion of blades via non-contact optical 3D scanning. A rough measure-ment and a registration procedure are initially adopted to rectify the coordinate system of a blade, which avoids the initial coordinate system errors caused by the small datum. A measurement path with meshing structure is then unfolded on the blade surface. For non-uniform distribution errors, the meshing structure measurement is more visual and clear than the traditional constant height curves method. All measuring points take only 7 min to complete, and the distribution of error is directly and accurately presented by the meshing structure. This study provides a basis for future research on distortion control and error compensation.     

涡轮叶片外换热计算程序对比研究

对两种涡轮叶片外换热计算程序STAN 5和S1ICH的数值方法进行了比较.采用STAN5和S1ICH程序完成了VKI(Von Karman Institute)高压涡轮导叶和动叶叶栅的外传热系数计算,并将计算结果与试验数据进行了对比.结果表明,S1ICH预估的转捩位置、外传热系数的精度较高,同时S1ICH具有适应性广,收敛性好,准备初始参数方便的特点,满足工程设计计算的要求.      

高压压气机出口级叶型加工偏差特征及其影响

以高压压气机出口级叶片叶中截面作为研究对象,获得了实际压气机叶片加工偏差的分布特征,并分析了实际加工偏差对叶型气动性能的影响。以此为基础,研究了加工偏差对叶型性能的影响机理。研究结果表明,实际叶型加工偏差存在一定的系统性偏差,从而导致实际叶型气动性能的平均值偏离设计值。叶型偏差对叶型气动性能的影响存在一定的非线性效应,这在前缘区域更为明显,从而导致了平均叶型的气动性能与实际叶型平均性能出现了明显偏差。前缘附近的几何偏差对吸力面和压力面的速度峰值有较大的影响,因此前缘附近的偏差是使叶型的气动性能产生系统性偏差和增大不确定度的主要因素。根据对流动机理的分析,进口几何角偏差是导致叶型性能出现系统性偏差的主要原因;可以近似用均匀偏差来估计叶身加工偏差对正负攻角范围和损失的影响。     

基于NURBS曲线的轴流透平叶片气动 数值优化

通过搭建适用于轴流式透平叶片气动数值优化的设计平台,对某NASA透平级动静叶片进行等熵效率、流量相对变化、落压比相对变化的多目标寻优.该平台包括三个核心模块: 叶片的参数化造型、流场气动性能评估、优化策略.采用非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)曲线对叶片进行参数化拟合;针对叶片气动数值优化的多变量、多模态的特征,采用试验设计和遗传算法组合优化策略进行寻优.经过气动优化, 在设计工况点优化叶片性能较原始叶片有明显提高,为轴流式叶片的气动优化提供了可借鉴的措施.      

Electrode design using revolving entity extraction for high-efficiency electric discharge machining of integral shrouded blisk

The integral shrouded blisk provides better performance with minimum weight, but its semi-open structure presents problems for its production. Manufacturing processes of these components require a removal of about 70%-90% of material from their blanks. Multi-axis electrical discharge machining (EDM) is commonly used for these processes, but its poor efficiency cannot meet the requirements of mass production. Strong flushing assisted high-current discharge is able to improve the machining efficiency. In this paper, this method was applied to manufacture the integral shrouded blisk. An electrode design method was proposed. Taking the largest revolving entity inside the flow channel as the base geometry, this laminated arc-shaped hollow electrode meets the requirements such as high pressure flushing, tool wear compensation, and easy to be made. A 4-axis linkage machining tool path with planetary motion was proposed. Taking an integral guide vane ring as an example, it has been experimentally verified that the time consumption for each channel using this method was reduced to a half of the ordinary EDM method, while the finished surface quality remains same.     

航空发动机叶片力矩测量装置设计

对航空发动机、汽轮机等转动系统的叶片进行平衡可有效地减少振动,通过对叶片进行质量排序或力矩排序可最大限度地减小不平衡量。在分析力矩测量原理的基础上结合叶片定位特点提出一种叶片力矩测量装置,结果表明该装置能够高效、准确地测量不同类型叶片在叶盘上的力矩,为叶片力矩排序提供数据支撑。     

基于曲率分布控制的叶型前缘设计方法

为了实现对压气机叶片的优化,提出了一种基于曲率分布控制的前缘造型方法,实现了对叶型前缘曲率的直接、精确控制。将该造型方法应用于某工业级压气机的可控扩散叶型（CDA）上,通过数值仿真方法计算了叶型在设计来流马赫数下的全攻角工况性能。结果显示增加前缘曲率能有效拓宽许用攻角范围,减小尖峰扩散因子,在相同攻角下能削弱前缘吸力峰,抑制甚至消除前缘分离泡,避免提前转捩的发生。同时,调整曲率分布使其在靠近前缘点处尽可能"饱满"、减缓曲率下降速度,也有同样的效果。理论分析发现前缘曲率通过调整静压分布影响边界层发展起始流态,从而影响叶型性能。设计前缘几何形状时需要确保曲率连续性,调整曲率分布以减小前缘吸力峰的强度,避免分离诱导转捩的出现。     

旋翼复合材料桨叶弹性剪裁减振研究

通过调整桨叶复合材料大梁的铺层角及其展向分布,提出了SA349直升机马赫数相似模型旋翼桨叶的3种挥舞弯曲-扭转弹性耦合方案并进行了弹性剪裁分析。在分析中采用19自由度弹性耦合中等变形梁单元模型,以SA349直升机飞行状态2的气动力作为桨叶预定气动载荷,计算并比较了不同耦合方案的桨根与桨毂振动载荷,验证了弹性剪裁在直升机减振设计中的有效性。