Collision free 4D path planning for multiple UAVs based on spatial refined voting mechanism and PSO approach

In this paper, a four-dimensional coordinated path planning algorithm for multiple UAVs is proposed, in which time variable is taken into account for each UAV as well as collision free and obstacle avoidance. A Spatial Refined Voting Mechanism(SRVM) is designed for standard Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) to overcome the defects of local optimal and slow convergence.For each generation candidate particle positions are recorded and an adaptive cube is formed with own adaptive side length to indicate occupied regions. Then space voting begins and is sorted based on voting results, whose centers with bigger voting counts are seen as sub-optimal positions. The average of all particles of corresponding dimensions are calculated as the refined solutions. A time coordination method is developed by generating specified candidate paths for every UAV, making them arrive the same destination with the same time consumption. A spatial-temporal collision avoidance technique is introduced to make collision free. Distance to destination is constructed to improve the searching accuracy and velocity of particles. In addition, the objective function is redesigned by considering the obstacle and threat avoidance, Estimated Time of Arrival(ETA), separation maintenance and UAV self-constraints. Experimental results prove the effectiveness and efficiency of the algorithm.     

TF／TA^2飞行控制系统设计—问题和方法

综合ＴＦ／ＴＡ＾２飞行控制系统的研究目的就是开发一种飞行控制技术，使飞机可以进行超低空机动飞行，有效地回避山峰，建筑物以及各种威胁，提高飞机的飞行安全和任务生存能力。本文介绍了综合地形跟随／地形回避／威胁回避飞行控制系统的系统框架和主要功能模块讨论在本文２设计过程中遇到的主要理论和技术问题，并阐述了了解决问题的思路和方法。     

Group force mobility model and its obstacle avoidance capability

Many mobility models attempt to provide realistic simulation to many real world scenarios. However, existing mobility models, such as RPGM [X. Hong, M. Gerla, G. Pei, C. Chiang, A group mobility model for ad hoc wireless networks, in: Proceedings of ACM/IEEE MSWiM’99, Seattle, WA, August 1999, pp. 53–60] and others, fail to address many aspects. These limitations range from mobile node (MN) collision avoidance, obstacle avoidance, and the interaction of MNs within a group. Our research, the group force mobility model (GFMM) [S.A. Williams, D. Huang, A group force mobility model, Appeared at 9th Communications and Networking Simulation Symposium, April 2006], proposes a novel idea which introduces the concept of attraction and repulsion forces to address many of these limitations. Williams and Huang [A group force mobility model, Appeared at 9th Communications and Networking Simulation Symposium, April 2006] described some of the limitations and drawbacks that many models neglect. This model effectively simulates the interaction of MNs within a group, the interaction of groups to one another, the coherency of a group, and the avoidance of collision with groups, nodes, and obstacles. This paper provides an overview of GFMM and particularly illustrates the GFMM's ability to avoid collision with obstacles, which is a vital property to posses in order to provide a realistic simulaition. We compare our model with the commonly used RPGM model and provide statistical assessments based on connectivity metrics such as link changed, link duration, and relative speed. All will be detailed and explained in this paper.     

一种基于虚拟导航点的超低空飞行器威胁回避算法研究

为解决超低空飞行器在飞行过程中遇到突发威胁时的自主回避问题,提出了一种基于虚拟导航点的威胁回避算法。此算法以超低空飞行器具备自主探测能力为前提,针对不同威胁的规模和种类可快速生成虚拟导航点,实现对威胁的回避。结合算法设计和模型建立,将算法应用于存在未知威胁情况下的超低空飞行器实时自主飞行中,并进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,该算法理论简单,易于实现,能够有效保证超低空飞行的安全性。     

七自由度空间机械臂避障路径规划方法

针对七自由度空间机械臂在轨捕获目标任务的需求,提出了一种避障路径规划方法。主要是根据机械臂和障碍物的几何特征,对机械臂模型和障碍模型进行简化;通过研究机械臂自身所固有的几何特性和障碍物的位姿坐标,分析机械臂各杆件与障碍物发生碰撞的条件,进而求出空间机械臂的无碰撞自由工作空间;利用优化的A＊算法,在七自由度空间机械臂的自...     

Three-dimensional path planning for unmanned aerial vehicle based on interfered fluid dynamical system

This paper proposes a method for planning the three-dimensional path for low-flying unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) in complex terrain based on interfered fluid dynamical system(IFDS) and the theory of obstacle avoidance by the flowing stream. With no requirement of solutions to fluid equations under complex boundary conditions, the proposed method is suitable for situations with complex terrain and different shapes of obstacles. Firstly, by transforming the mountains, radar and anti-aircraft fire in complex terrain into cylindrical, conical, spherical, parallelepiped obstacles and their combinations, the 3D low-flying path planning problem is turned into solving streamlines for obstacle avoidance by fluid flow. Secondly, on the basis of a unified mathematical expression of typical obstacle shapes including sphere, cylinder, cone and parallelepiped, the modulation matrix for interfered fluid dynamical system is constructed and 3D streamlines around a single obstacle are obtained. Solutions to streamlines with multiple obstacles are then derived using weighted average of the velocity field. Thirdly, extra control force method and virtual obstacle method are proposed to deal with the stagnation point and the case of obstacles’ overlapping respectively. Finally, taking path length and flight height as sub-goals, genetic algorithm(GA) is used to obtain optimal 3D path under the maneuverability constraints of the UAV. Simulation results show that the environmental modeling is simple and the path is smooth and suitable for UAV. Theoretical proof is also presented to show that the proposed method has no effect on the characteristics of fluid avoiding obstacles.     

无人机自主防撞关键技术与应用分析

无人机与有人机在多机种和不同合作程度下共享空域飞行是未来的发展趋势,防撞问题成为制约无人机飞出隔离空域的关键挑战。结合现有飞机防撞体系,从无人机防撞特殊性出发分析无人机自主防撞需求,提出无人机自主防撞系统的框架,归纳分析两大主要关键技术——感知探测技术和防撞算法,以及二者的不同应用范围和主要问题,在此基础上提出无人机自主防撞管理体系架构,总结探讨无人机自主防撞关键技术的发展趋势。     

考虑避免碰撞的编队卫星自适应协同控制

基于势函数法研究具有模型不确定性的编队飞行卫星避免碰撞的自适应协同控制.势函数法的思想为设计碰撞区域势函数值较大,所设计的控制律使得系统势函数具有减小的趋势,从而实现避免碰撞的编队飞行任务.首先,在无外部参考轨迹的情况下,通过引入避免碰撞势函数,提出一种自适应协同控制器,编队卫星最终实现速度一致和避免碰撞.进一步,考虑已知外部参考轨迹的情形,基于新的势函数方法,设计新的自适应协同控制器,能够同时实现避免碰撞、速度一致、卫星跟踪参考轨迹的目的.对于所提出的两种控制方法,均通过合理地应用Lyapunov稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性.仿真结果表明了所设计控制方法的有效性.     

基于ASBU的遥控驾驶航空器系统解读

为更好地理解和发展遥控驾驶航空器系统,以国际民航组织推出的"航行系统组块升级"为框架,从"运行概念"、"实施规划"、"技术支持"3个方面对RPAS进行阐述,进而指出"指挥和控制链路功能"和"感知和避让功能"的可靠性和效率对于实现RPAS的重要性,最后提出确保以上功能实现的关键技术,为实现遥控驾驶航空器与载人大飞机融合运行提供参考借鉴.     

复杂环境下多无人机轨迹姿态协同控制

考虑多无人机在实际飞行过程中的避障需求，在建立面向控制的四旋翼无人机轨迹姿态模型基础上，为克服传统多无人机为每架无人机规划轨迹的不足，研究了基于多无人机中心点的轨迹设计策略。进一步，考虑避障约束，基于半定规划进行迭代区域扩张完成了多无人机的安全飞行区域及队形设计。在此基础上，基于干扰补偿策略为每架无人机设计了协同控制器，最终确保了多无人机在多障碍环境下的安全飞行。