怎样减小振动对SC切石英晶体振荡器的影响

要给现代化通讯、导航及雷达系统提供必要的频谱纯度,就必须减小石英谐振器的加速灵敏度(γ),例如从γ=10~(-10)/g 减小到γ=10~(-12)/g。为了实现这一目的,当前正在研究几种(仅与谐振器有关的)无源法。专门设计的单谐振器和双谐振器是无源法应用的两个实例。应用电子线路的有源法已经进行了研究,它能进一步使振动影响减到1/50。然而,用来实现这种方法的变容二极管的非线性限制了可能达到的最终减小量。本文介绍一种可供使用的有源法。这种方法的原理是应用 SC 切晶体的线性电压～频率特性,而要点在于把相位适当的振动模拟信号电压直接加在晶体电极上。用几块不同的SC 切晶体所做的一系列试验都确认了这种有源法的效果。把晶体振荡器略加修改,是为了加入补偿电压,而不会改变振荡器的电路原理。补偿测试范围:加速度1至14g,振动频率50至500Hz;补偿电压大小取决于γ的初值,可从-20至+20V(峰-峰值)。初步实验结果表明,在不连续的频率上γ值几乎能降低三个数量级,在50到500Hz 连续频率范围能降低一个数量级。     

The Suess-Urey mission (return of solar matter to Earth)

The Suess-Urey (S-U) mission has been proposed as a NASA Discovery mission to return samples of matter from the Sun to the Earth for isotopic and chemical analyses in terrestrial laboratories to provide a major improvement in our knowledge of the average chemical and isotopic composition of the solar system. The S-U spacecraft and sample return capsule will be placed in a halo orbit around the L1 Sun-Earth libration point for two years to collect solar wind ions which implant into large passive collectors made of ultra-pure materials. Constant Spacecraft-Sun-Earth geometries enable simple spin stabilized attitude control, simple passive thermal control, and a fixed medium gain antenna. Low data requirements and the safety of a Sun-pointed spinner, result in extremely low mission operations costs.     

Influence of graviceptives cues at different level of visual information processing: the effect of prolonged weightlessness

We evaluated the influence of prolonged weightlessness on the performance of visual tasks in the course of the Russian-French missions ANTARES, Post-ANTARES and ALTAIR aboard the MIR station. Eight cosmonauts were subjects in two experiments executed pre-flight, in-flight and post-flight sessions.

In the first experiment, cosmonauts performed a task of symmetry detection in 2-D polygons. The results indicate that this detection is locked in a head retinal reference frame rather than in an environmentally defined one as meridional orientations of symmetry axis (vertical and horizontal) elicited faster response times than oblique ones. However, in weightlessness the saliency of a retinally vertical axis of symmetry is no longer significantly different from an horizontal axis. In the second experiment, cosmonauts performed a mental rotation task in which they judged whether two 3-D objects presented in different orientations were identical. Performance on this task is basically identical in weightlessness and normal gravity.     

The effect of head-down tilt on brain potentials related to visual attention

To study the possible effect of simulated weightlessness on brain function state, the brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in a simple visual selective response task were compared between HDT and HUT in 9 normal subjects. The results were: The Target(T) and non-Target(NT) flash signals both induced significant slow positive potentials which were supposed to related to the attention state; the amplitude of the positive potentials in frontal regions decreased significantly especially for NT-ERPs during HDT comprared with that during HUT. The data reported provide new evidence indicating that more attention should be paid on the brain function study during space flight.     

恒幅加载下7475-T7351铝合金的疲劳裂纹扩展行为

 本文进行了7475-T7351铝合金板材中心开裂试样恒幅加载宽范围应力比下的疲劳裂纹扩展试验。考虑到裂纹张开应力的确定是基于裂纹闭合概念进行裂纹扩展寿命预测的基础,且在工程应用中需要方便地确定有效应力强度因子变程△K_(ett)。本文通过疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN的试验数据导出了所研究材料的裂纹张开应力的经验表达式,进而用有效应力强度因子变程△K_(ett)来联系试验数据,得到对于不同应力比下裂纹扩展行为的统一描述。试验发现,无量纲裂纹张开应力S_(op)/S_(max)随所加最大毛应力水平的提高而降低。 断口分析表明,对于所试验的材料由拉伸型平断口向剪切型斜断口的转变主要受△K_(ett)控制,并注意到由拉伸型向剪切型裂纹增长的过渡对应着S_(op)/S_(max)增加的趋势。     

铸造高温合金熔炼工艺中的冶金原则

文中介绍了苏联铸造高温合金工艺中冶金原则的发展。除去合金化元素之外,杂质元素和微量添加元素是决定合金组织和性能的最重要因素之一。文中详细讨论了在不同条件下它们对合金高温性能的影响。结论中提出改进铸造高温合金冶炼工艺的若干有效的措施。     

标准工艺制造的三向碳-碳材料电弧加热器测试数据的相关关系

本文报导了在麦克唐纳·道格拉斯研究试验室(MDRL)的高冲击压力试验设备(HIP)上,以及在空军赖特航空试验室(AFWAL)的再入端头帽试验设备(RENT)上,所得到的再入飞行器(RV)端头帽烧蚀数据间相关关系的一份研究成果。这份研究成果,只限于产生紊流、稳态后退率的环境条件下所试验的特定的碳-碳端头帽材料。所报导的相关公式是根据收集的文献资料和补充试验所得到的56个数据点求得的。研究了诸如模型的尺寸和几何形状,材料的可变参数(化学气相沉积 CVD、体积密度、开孔率、层间距)、设备上喷管的出口直径、马赫数、平均焓值和中心线焓值以及驻点压力等参数的影响。两种电弧加热器使用同一喷管出口直径、模型直径、中心线焓值和模型的驻点压力,所得到的端头帽后退率相关式误差在±7%。     

绿色制造中的干切削技术

冷却润滑液的存储、使用以及废弃处理需要专门的物流系统,因而费用很高;冷却润滑液处理不当会对人的健康以及环境造成危害;工件经过湿加工后必须进行清洁处理,这都费时费力,同时增加了对系统的要求.基于上述原因,近年来干切削技术受到广泛关注.     

高水平的MD-95驾驶舱

麦道公司将用6个一排的平板显示器来提高其MD-95运输机标准驾驶舱的技术水平,以便提高其调度可靠性、降低维修费用及减少航空公司所需的备件。新系统基于霍尼韦尔公司的通用综合航空电子系统(VIA2000)结构,将把显示、飞行管理、中央声音告警和飞行数据采集功能综合在一对VIA计算机中。