两种计算起落架节点载荷方法的比较

Fortran语言编程和有限元是计算起落架节点载荷的两种常用方法。本文运用两种方法计算了某型飞机起落架节点载荷,比较了两种方法的优劣,并得出相关结论。     

Augmented flight dynamics model for pilot workload evaluation in tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure

An augmented flight dynamics model is developed to extend the existing flight dynamics model of tilt-rotor aircraft for optimal landing procedure analysis in the event of one engine failure.Compared with the existing flight dynamics model, the augmented model involves with more pilot control information in cockpit and is validated against the flight test data. Based on the augmented flight dynamics model, the optimal landing procedure of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft after one engine failure is formulated into a Nonlinear Optimal Control Problem(NOCP), solved by collocation and numerical optimization method. The time histories of pilot controls in cockpit during the optimal landing procedure are obtained for the evaluation of pilot workload. An evaluation method which can synthetically quantify the pilot workload in time and frequency domains is proposed with metrics of aggressiveness and cutoff frequencies of pilot controls. The scale of the pilot workload is compared with those of the shipboard landing procedures, bob-up/bob-down and dash/quickstop maneuvers of UH-60 helicopter. The results show that the aggressiveness of pilot collective and longitudinal controls for the tilt-rotor aircraft optimal landing procedure after one engine failure are higher than those for UH-60 helicopter shipboard landing procedures up to the condition of sea state 4, while the pilot cutoff frequency of collective control is lower than that of the bob-up/bob-down maneuver but the pilot cutoff frequency of longitudinal control is higher than that of the dash/quick-stop maneuver. The evaluated pilot workload level is between Cooper–Harper HQR Level 2 and Level 3.     

火星探路者的可膨胀气囊着陆系统综述

火星探路者的再入、下降和着陆系统包括一个独立的子系统—可膨胀气囊 ,用于着陆冲击缓冲。文章介绍了火星探路者可膨胀气囊的发展过程 ,包括 :材料的选择、形状的确定、制造的过程、部件的设计以及打包/展开等。     

前起落架突伸对舰载机起飞特性的影响

研究了前起落架突伸的实现模式和突伸对舰载机起飞特性的影响，分别对四种突伸模式及突伸机构设计参数的作用进行了比较分析，结果表明，前起落架突伸对于减少舰载机离舰后的下沉和缩短飞机起飞滑跑距离有明显的作用。     

Use of land＇s cooperative object to estimate UAV＇s pose for autonomous landing

The research of unmanned aerial vehicles＇（UAVs＇）autonomy navigation and landing guidance with computer vision has important signifcance.However,because of the image blurring,the position of the cooperative points cannot be obtained accurately,and the pose estimation algorithms based on the feature points have low precision.In this research,the pose estimation algorithm of UAV is proposed based on feature lines of the cooperative object for autonomous landing.This method uses the actual shape of the cooperative-target on ground and the principle of vanishing line.Roll angle is calculated from the vanishing line.Yaw angle is calculated from the location of the target in the image.Finally,the remaining extrinsic parameters are calculated by the coordinates transformation.Experimental results show that the pose estimation algorithm based on line feature has a higher precision and is more reliable than the pose estimation algorithm based on points feature.Moreover,the error of the algorithm we proposed is small enough when the UAV is near to the landing strip,and it can meet the basic requirements of UAV＇s autonomous landing.     

全尺寸飞机疲劳试验过程中的无损检测及声发射监测技术研究

本文介绍了在全尺寸飞机疲劳试验过程中的无损检测和声发射监测的技术细节,说明了如何根据监测目标任务要求,确定传感器位置和安装方案、进行声传播通道性能测试、材料声发射(AE)性能研究和考证整个检测系统工作的平稳性。讨论了如何合理设置数据采集系统的参数,研究了背景噪声的变化规律,并特别研究了同疲劳裂纹形成和扩展有关的声发射信号的特征及如何从强背景噪声环境中获得有用AE信号。论文以中央翼-外翼连接区域和起落架上枢轴接头等关键部位为例,说明实施监测的方法。由于疲劳试验特别强调监测结果的实时性和及时性,在声发射信号处理方面,作者利用趋势分析,基于时间、空间的滤波和基于幅度和能量分布等多种信号处理方式,以及多参数综合识别技术对一些关键部位的状态进行了声发射连续跟踪监测,为保证全尺寸飞机机体部件疲劳试验的顺利进行起到了重要作用。     

返回式卫星回收系统的控制问题

从一假想的卫星的返回轨道分析出发,论述了返回式卫星回收系统的“过载一时间”控制方案,说明了该方案是无人卫星回收的一种简便的、可行的控制方案。建议对某些卫星采用长的抛罩后的滑行段,以降低开伞马赫数及速压。     

临近空间载人舱着陆动力学及影响因素分析

为满足临近空间载人舱着陆缓冲装置可重复使用以及多着陆工况下能提供较好缓冲性能的要求，提出一种以双腔油气缓冲器为主支柱，单腔油气缓冲器为辅助支柱的新型着陆缓冲系统。针对舱体着陆过程，建立了考虑地面弹塑性变形的联合仿真动力学模型；通过与单腿着陆冲击试验的对比分析验证了所建动力学模型的有效性。在此基础上，研究了水平着陆速度，着陆俯仰角以及地面摩擦系数三种初始着陆条件对临近空间载人舱着陆性能的影响。研究结果表明：降低水平着陆速度可有效减小舱体水平着陆过载及提高着陆稳定性能；水平或小俯仰角着陆可使主、辅支柱的受载分配更加合理；减小足垫与地面间摩擦力可降低舱体竖直过载并提高着陆稳定性能。     

Landing of hopping rovers on Irregularly-shaped small bodies using attitude control

A hopping rover that is driven only by internal or external attitude actuators is an ideal mobility approach for surface exploration of small solar system bodies. Without thrust control and grasping mechanisms, a hopping rover is mechanically simple to design and less prone to mechanical failures, but faces challenges during soft landing. It may rebound from the surface, causing deviations from its original landing site. In this paper, landing of a hopping rover on the surface of an asteroid is investigated, and a strategy using only attitude control to shorten the landing distance is proposed. Based on rigid body impact dynamics, the edge impact configuration is investigated in detail. The factors that affect the impact states of a cube-shaped hopping rover are studied. Then, controlled edge landing is analyzed, in which the post-impact velocity of the hopping rover is changed by controlling its attitude prior to impact. Three guidance schemes are developed, followed by attitude profile generation and finite time stable attitude control. Finally, simulations are performed on an ideal flat surface and uneven terrain. The results show that controlled edge landing can effectively reduce the landing distance and settling time, compared with uncontrolled landing. This study on hopping motion on the surface of an irregular-shaped asteroid with attitude control, can provide a reference for hopper trajectory plan in future asteroid surface explorations.     

飞机起落架撑杆锁弹簧的分析与设计

飞机起落架撑杆锁弹簧是下位锁机构实现功能的关键部件,其设计过程需要考虑其与下位锁开锁作动筒的协调以及其对收放载荷和起落架自由放性能的影响。讨论了撑杆锁弹簧的设计流程以及弹簧设计过程中需要考虑的因素,介绍了一种区别于传统受力分析确定弹簧工作拉力的方法,并例举了一种支承式撑杆锁弹簧的设计与计算过程。