Far-field sonic boom prediction considering atmospheric turbulence effects: An improved approach

Accurate prediction of sonic boom is one of key challenges for the design of a low-boom supersonic aircraft. For most of available far-field prediction methods, the effect of atmospheric turbulence appearing in the planetary boundary layer cannot be considered, which results in remarkable inaccuracy of predicting ground-level sonic boom waveform. Although some efforts have been made to overcome the shortcoming, the turbulence effects are not yet well described so far. This article proposes an improved method by extending the two-dimensional Heterogeneous One-Way Approximation for the Resolution of Diffraction (HOWARD) equation to account for the axial and transverse convections of wind fluctuation as well as the effect of temperature fluctuation. The proposed method is validated by comparing the predictions with the flight-test data of JAXA D-SEND#1 LBM, which shows that the result of the proposed method is in better agreement with the flight-test data than that of the method without considering atmospheric turbulence effects. Then, distortion mechanism of sonic boom waveforms caused by atmospheric turbulence is analyzed by using the proposed method. It is indicated that the effect of turbulent convection makes uniform sonic-boom wavefronts irregular, which creates the condition of diffraction effect to perturb waveforms. Finally, the proposed method is applied to investigate the behavior of two types of waveforms given by the sonic boom minimization theory. Results show that a far-field waveform with a weaker initial shock is more beneficial for low-boom design of a supersonic aircraft.     

适用于旋转通道各向异性湍流模型

基于代数雷诺应力方程的简化模型,并结合充分发展旋转通道的直接数值模拟（DNS）湍流脉动数据，发展了一种适用于旋转通道的各向异性k ω模型。采用该模型对进口雷诺数为6000，旋转数为0~0.26的旋转直通道进行模拟，结果表明:将旋转修正系数乘以传统的湍流黏度发展的各向异性k ω模型，能够准确地描述旋转状态下前缘面和后缘面的换热情况，是一种有效的各向异性湍流模型修正方法；旋转修正系数是否合理的关键是对雷诺应力比值进行准确地描述；通道的换热效果与旋转数和流向沿程无量纲位置有关,前缘面的换热随旋转数和无量纲流向距离的增加而减小，而后缘面的换热随旋转数和无量纲流向距离的增加而增大。      

基于模式分集的星地激光通信技术研究

针对星地激光通信的大气湍流导致信号光损伤这一问题，实验搭建了一种能够补偿大气湍流的空间激光通信系统，采用模式分集接收结合最大比合并方法对大气湍流进行补偿，采用相干探测技术对高阶调制信号进行光电探测。在不同湍流强度下进行了传输实验，结果表明：模式分集空间激光通信系统的性能相比较于单模光纤接收系统有较大提升，随着湍流强度的增加，性能提升更加显著。在弱、中、强三种湍流强度以及相同目标误码率情况下，模式分集系统相比单模光纤接收系统分别降低了约4.2 dB、5.1 dB 和 5.5 dB的链路损耗。在弱、中、强三种湍流强度以及相同目标中断概率下，模式分集接收系统相比单模光纤接收系统分别降低了约3 dB、5.9 dB 和 4.3 dB的链路损耗。     

外旋流器旋流数对三级旋流流场特性的影响

采用二维粒子图像测速(2D-PIV)流场测试技术,试验研究了相同进口条件下多种旋流数组合旋流器出口冷态流场,分析比较了外级旋流器旋流数对流场结构的影响.研究结果表明:外级旋流器旋流强弱并不是回流区形成的主要决定因素；随着外级旋流器旋流数的增加,涡心有向前及向外移动的趋势,其回流区轴向长度逐渐变长,最大回流速度逐渐减小；回流区形状同时受外级旋流器旋流数及内级旋流器旋流数的影响,当外级旋流器旋流数相对内级旋流器旋流数足够大时,较易出现尾迹区；在旋流器出口附近,外级旋流器旋流数较小时旋流器组合流场的湍流强度峰值较大.      

改进S-A湍流模型对横向射流的CFD模拟

通过在Spalart-Allmaras(S-A)湍流模型中加入应变率张量，来改善模型对横向射流(JICF)的计算精度。模拟了速度比分别为0.5和1.5工况下的横向射流。经实验值验证，结果表明:改进后的S-A模型预测精度有所提升；并对湍流模型改进部分对横向射流的作用机制做出了分析。将改进后S-A模型的计算结果与k-ε模型，雷诺应力模型(RSM)和大涡模拟(LES)的结果进行比较，发现S-A模型在速度比为0.5时精度最高，而在速度比为1.5工况下没有明显优势；并对这一现象做出了合理分析。