基于直接模拟蒙特卡洛方法的真空羽流不确定量化研究

真实流动环境下的真空羽流必然存在着各种不确定性,那么确定性输入条件的数值模拟必然会存在偏差,因此需进一步研究不确定性对羽流流动特征的影响规律。本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛(DSMC)方法,对不确定性输入的羽流流场进行模拟;采用稀疏的概率配置点方法对来流、壁面及模型参数等输入不确定量进行描述,对不确定性的传播和输出目标的平均值、方差及不确定度进行计算。研究表明,流场不确定性沿流线传播至流速最大处之后迅速增强,并在声速线前出现骤减的现象;传播至声速线之后,挡板壁面输入不确定性的影响凸显。其中最为显著的是,压力不确定度在挡板驻点位置达到全场最大值,约为输入不确定量(3.54%)的2.1倍。此外,温度跳跃不确定度受到壁面温度不确定性输入的限制而近似保持为一个恒定值,约为输入不确定度的0.8倍。进而,壁面热流不确定度(5.54%)比壁面正应力不确定度(6.25%)略小,切应力不确定度最小(5.07%)。Sobol’全局敏度分析表明,喉道速度和喉道压力的输入不确定性对气动力/热不确定度的贡献是最大的,且远远超过了壁面温度和模拟分子直径不确定性输入的贡献。     

基于DSMC方法的真空羽流不确定量化研究-空间推进专刊*

真实流动环境下的真空羽流必然存在着多种不确定性,那么确定条件输入的数值模拟会存在偏差,因此需进一步研究不确定性对羽流流动特征的影响规律。本文采用直接模拟蒙特卡洛（DSMC）方法对不确定性输入的羽流流场进行模拟,采用稀疏的概率配置点方法对来流、壁面及模型参数等输入不确定量进行描述,对不确定性的传播和输出目标的平均值、方差及不确定度进行计算。研究表明,流场不确定性沿流线传播至流速最大处之后迅速增强,并在声速线前出现骤减的现象,传播至声速线之后,挡板壁面输入不确定性的影响凸显。最突出的是,压力不确定度在挡板驻点位置达到全场最大值,约为输入不确定量（3.54%）的2.1倍。此外,温度跳跃不确定度受到壁面温度不确定性输入的限制而近似保持为一个恒定值,约为输入不确定度的0.8倍。进而,壁面热流不确定度（5.54%）比壁面正应力不确定度（6.25%）略小,切应力不确定度最小（5.07%）。Sobol’全局敏度分析表明,喉道速度和喉道压力的输入不确定性对气动力/热不确定度的贡献是最大的,且远远超过了壁面温度和模拟分子直径不确定性输入的贡献。     

高超声速稀薄流的气粒多相流动DSMC算法建模研究

基于直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法,构造适用于DSMC算法的固态和液态颗粒碰撞、聚合和分离模型,发展稀薄条件下双向耦合作用的气粒多相流的DSMC算法,在此基础上初步实现高超声速稀薄流环境中的气粒多相喷流流场数值模拟.算例结果表明该方法能为稀薄过渡区气粒多相流动提供一种新的应用研究手段.     

稀薄气体效应对尖前缘气动热特性的影响研究

针对未来高超声速巡航飞行器尖化前缘、大升力面的构型特征,分别采用NS方法和DSMC方法,对高超飞行器局部部件的模化外形进行了努森数从0.01~0.5变化时气动特性的计算分析,对比了连续流方法与稀薄流方法所得结果的差异性,给出了稀薄效应对局部气动热特性影响的定量分析,旨在研究局部稀薄气体效应对气动热特性分布的影响规律。结果表明,努森数从0.04~0.5变化时,连续流方法和稀薄流方法所预测的峰值热流差距可达25%~40%,稀薄效应对热流的影响已达到不可忽视的地步。相对于热流而言,物面压力分布对稀薄效应的敏感性较弱,局部热流对这种局部稀薄效应非常敏感。NS方法所预测的结果普遍大于DSMC方法所得结果。
     

高温高速稀薄流的DSMC算法与流场传热分析

在非结构网格下,研究了热力学碰撞传能的6种方式和化学反应的8种类型,详细给出了上述碰撞传能和化学反应碰撞类型的子程序计算框图.在可变硬球(VHS)分子模型、Borgnakke-Larsen唯象模型、Bird的化学反应几率模型以及壁面CLL(Cercignani-Lampis-Lord)反射模型的基础上,用Fortran语言编制了能够模拟内能松弛、热力学非平衡和化学非平衡的稀薄气体DSMC(direct si mulation Monte-Carlo)源程序,在地球大气层和火星大气层中完成了Ballute减速装置的8个工况计算(其中Knudsen数从0.05变到30.0,飞行Mach数从26.3变到11.2),并与NASA Langley研究中心2007年发表的计算结果作了比较,本文的结果令人满意.另外,这里用|T-T_v|/T去分析热力学非平衡,用Damk hler数去分析化学反应非平衡,用Stan-ton数去分析飞行器壁面的传热效果,所有这些分析对高温部件的热防护设计十分有益.      

脉冲等离子体推力器羽流的一体化粒子模拟

将DSMC(Direct Simulation Monte-Carlo)/PIC(Particle in Cell)流体混合算法与一维MHD双温放电模型相结合,一体化模拟NASA Glenn PPT羽流。对不同出口偏转角的羽流场进行模拟,给出了不同偏转角度下离子、电势、温度的变化情况,并与实验结果进行了比较。结果显示,该模型具有一体化(从工作过程到羽流)预测脉冲等离子体推力器羽流的能力。人工偏转角的加入,增强了羽流的扩散,使得羽流径向扩散、轴向收缩、回流减弱,同时对放电模型带来的不足有一定改善作用。     

Investigation on plume interference effect of solid propellant micro-thruster

The three-dimensional numerical simulation of two-phase plume flow of solid propellant micro-thrusters was developed. Then it was used to investigate the plume interference effect by combining the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for multi-component gas flow with the two-way coupling model for two-phase rarefied flow. At different space between the two micro-thrusters and different wall temperature,the plume interference effect was analyzed specifically. The results show that under the plume interference effect the gas is compressed and the flow direction is changed,which resulted in the increasing of gas pressure and temperature; solid phase made no significant effect on the flow parameters of gas phase; with the rising of the space between the two micro-thrusters,the maximum pressure decreased and the maximum temperature increased in the domain under the plume interference effect; the wall temperature could influence the temperature of the gas which is extremely close to the wall,but not the gas pressure.      

空间发动机羽流场的试验研究

为研究空间发动机羽流对卫星的影响,建立羽流污染预报系统,研制了一套羽流试验系统并进行了试验研究.试验台主要包括空间环境模拟系统,电热气体发动机,稳压气源,轴向和径向移动装置,测量系统和温控系统.系统可在满足10-3Pa量级的真空压力和93±5K的背景温度下稳定运行和精确测量.本文完成了表征羽流特征的关键参数-压力场的测量.同时采用CFD和DSMC相结合的方法进行羽流场的数值模拟计算.测量数据与数值计算结果以及相似试验条件下Boyd等人的测量结果进行了对比.     

High-fidelity geometry models for improving the consistency of CHAMP,GRACE, GOCE and Swarm thermospheric density data sets

During the last two decades, accelerometers on board of the CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE and Swarm satellites have provided high-resolution thermosphere density data to improve our knowledge on atmospheric dynamics and coupling processes in the thermosphere-ionosphere region. Most users of the data have focused on relative density variations. Scale differences between datasets and models have been largely neglected or removed using ad hoc scale factors. The origin of these scale differences arises from errors in the aerodynamic modelling, specifically in the modelling of the satellite outer surface geometry and of the gas-surface interactions. Therefore, the first step to remove the scale differences is to enhance the geometry modelling. This work forms the foundation for the future improvement of characterization of satellite aerodynamics and gas-surface interactions models at TU Delft, as well as for extending the use of sideways and angular accelerations in the aerodynamic analysis of accelerations and derivation of thermosphere datasets. Although work to improve geometry and aerodynamic force models by other authors has focused on CHAMP and GRACE, this paper includes the GOCE and Swarm satellites as well. In addition, it uses a density determination algorithm that is valid for arbitrary attitude orientations, enabling a validation making use of attitude manoeuvres. The results show an improvement in the consistency of density data between these four missions, and of data obtained before, during and after attitude manoeuvres of CHAMP and Swarm. The new models result in larger densities, compared to the previously used panel method. The largest average rescaling of density, by switching to the new geometry models is reached for Swarm at 32%, the smallest for GRACE at 5%. For CHAMP and GOCE, mean differences of 11% and 9% are obtained respectively. In this paper, an overview of the improvements and comparisons of data sets is provided together with an introduction to the next research phase on the gas-surface interactions.     

喷流制冷的高超声速后台阶流场气动光学效应研究

近年来,临近空间的军事应用价值受到了越来越多的关注。为了研究高超声速飞行器典型后台阶结构的气动光学问题，采用研究稀薄气体动力学的直接模拟蒙特卡洛算法(DSMC)研究了临近空间不同喷流控制下的后台阶流动特性，并采用光线追踪方法研究了不同流动控制下流场的气动光学效应。计算结果表明，随着飞行高度增加，壁面热流将增加，同时气动光效应将变弱。在四种喷流冷却方式中，喷流方式A的冷却效果最好，同时没有增加气动光学效应，B、D方式具有一定的冷却效应，但使得气动光学效应更加严重。