“Oblique” Bernstein modes in solar preflare plasma: Generation of second harmonics

Process of second harmonics generation due to development of corresponding instability has been investigated for pure electron weakly oblique Bernstein mode. This mode was supposed to be modified by taking into account the influence of pair Coulomb collisions and weak large-scale electric field in flare loop. Investigated area was located near the loop foot-point in the “lower–middle” chromosphere of active region. It has been shown, that for the Fontenla–Avrett–Loeser model of solar atmosphere the investigated process of second harmonics generation starts at the extremely low threshold values of subdreicer electric field, well before the beginning of “preheating” phase of flare process.     

Distribution of electric current in solar plasma loops

The distributing profile of electric current in solar plasma loop is a key factor for the MHD instabilities of the loops. However, it is very difficult to measure such profile in single loop. In this paper, we assume that, in spite of the complexity of the structure in most of the sunspots, the distribution of the electric current in some small simple sunspots may reflect the main feature of the distribution in solar plasma loops. We utilize the high-cadence, high-resolution vector magnetograms observed by Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO) to derive the longitudinal electric current and analyze the distribution of the longitudinal electric current in the region of sunspots, and simulate the distributing features of the solar plasma loops. From these analysis, we find that the electric current in some small simple sunspots, or to say in plasma loops, are concentrated to their center. Such distribution feature is consistent with the theory of pinch effect in current-carrying plasma loops.     

电导率模拟对高超声速MHD控制影响

高温气体电导率是高超声速电磁流动控制数值模拟最重要的参数之一。针对电导率模拟准确性及其对高超声速磁流体控制影响的问题，考虑高超声速飞行器流场中高温气体热化学非平衡效应，采用三维低磁雷诺数磁流体动力学（MHD）数值模拟方法及程序，结合国内外常见电导率处理方法开展典型状态高超声速MHD控制数值模拟，分析电导率模拟对高超声速磁流体流场分布、气动力/热特性的影响。研究表明：磁控热流减缓效果与电导率呈非线性关系，电导率较大时将出现电导率的磁控热饱和现象，其产生的原因可能与化学反应趋向于平衡态存在一定关系；采用定电导率方法，会人为放大磁场洛仑兹力的磁阻力效果，使阻力系数的预测值偏大；不同电导率模型计算得到的电导率分布差异很大，甚至存在数量级的差别，显著影响了磁流体的控制效果，这与电导率模型的适用范围、参数选取原则存在很大关联；对于含多种离解、电离组分的高温气体流动来说，采用基于多电离组分迁移碰撞的电导率模型（本文模型M8），计算与试验一致性最好。     

等离子体激励对串列叶栅流动分离抑制效果的数值仿真

为了探究不同等离子体激励布局对串列叶栅角区流动分离抑制的效果,采用数值仿真方法,在流动分离前施加激励,对不同布局激励前后流场的流场结构和总压损失沿流向分布进行对比,分析了等离子体激励布局对串列叶栅角区流动分离的影响,以及激励对串列叶栅气流掺混的影响。结果表明:在来流马赫数为0.5、攻角为4°时,ACU2布局激励对流动分离有较好的抑制作用,总压损失系数减小10.74%;ACU2-ACU5组合激励对抑制后排叶片的角区分离有较好效果,总压损失系数降低25.09%。     

ROMAP: Rosetta Magnetometer and Plasma Monitor

The scientific objectives, design and capabilities of the Rosetta Lander’s ROMAP instrument are presented. ROMAP’s main scientific goals are longterm magnetic field and plasma measurements of the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in order to study cometary activity as a function of heliocentric distance, and measurements during the Lander’s descent to investigate the structure of the comet’s remanent magnetisation. The ROMAP fluxgate magnetometer, electrostatic analyser and Faraday cup measure the magnetic field from 0 to 32 Hz, ions of up to 8000 keV and electrons of up to 4200 keV. Additional two types of pressure sensors – Penning and Minipirani – cover a pressure range from 10⁻⁸ to 10¹ mbar. ROMAP’s sensors and electronics are highly integrated, as required by a combined field/plasma instrument with less than 1 W power consumption and 1 kg mass.     

EUV and Radio Observations of an Equatorial Coronal Hole

An equatorial coronal hole has been observed on 18 and 19 October 1996 with SOHO-CDS and with the Nancąy Radioheliograph (RH). The CDS EUV line intensities are used to determine the coronal hole Differential Emission Measure (DEM); in turn this is used to compute the radio brightness temperature T_b at the observed frequencies, leaving the coronal electron temperature and density as free parameters. EUV line intensities, calculated from the derived models, show a good agreement with EUV observations. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究

为了揭示等离子体气动激励与边界层相互作用的物理机制,作者进行了等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动的PIV研究.实验结果表明:毫秒、微秒等离子体气动激励诱导空气流动以“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的形式出现;当激励电压为12kV时,最大诱导速度约为3m/s;激励电压越大,“启动涡”和“壁面射流”的强度越大;脉冲激励的作用强度和作用范围要强于定常激励.该结论为提高等离子体流动控制的作用能力提供了指导.     

一种等离子体鞘层加速的质子辐照新方法

文章提出一种利用等离子体鞘层加速模拟质子辐照的新方法。在真空室中通过射频-电感耦合的方法产生氢等离子体,将脉冲负高压施加在热控涂层样品上,利用氢等离子体鞘层加速技术实现样品的质子辐照,并研究了质子辐照对聚酰亚胺（Kapton）薄膜光学透过率、表面形貌以及表层化学结构的影响。结果表明:质子辐照后,样品的透过率下降,脉冲电压值越高和辐照时间越长,则透过率下降越多;AFM结果显示,样品表面“手指状”突起随着脉冲电压的增加呈现先增加后变化较小的趋势;XPS分析表明,辐照后样品的化学结构发生了变化,包括C—N键、C—O键以及C＝O键的断裂,以及一些新键的形成。     

变极性等离子弧自动焊接技术在大型密封结构焊接中的应用

文章简要介绍了变极性等离子弧焊接技术在国内外的发展状况以及新一代大型载人航天器密封舱体的结构和材料焊接特点,对变极性等离子弧焊接技术的工程化应用难点进行了分析,并提出关键工艺解决措施。通过研究和试验验证表明,采用变极性等离子弧焊接技术是解决中厚度铝合金焊接结构最好的工艺方案之一;对变极性等离子弧自动焊接技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

等离子体激励抑制翼型失速分离的实验研究

进行了低速、低雷诺数条件下等离子体激励抑制NACA0015翼型失速分离的实验研究,研究了等离子体激励电压、激励电极数目和激励位置对流动分离抑制效果的影响.在翼型吸力面敷设不对称电极布局的等离子体激励器.在来流速度为4.27m/s,雷诺数为4.96×104的情况下,未施加等离子体激励时,从攻角为9°起翼型吸力面发生显著的前缘流动分离;施加等离子体激励后,流动分离在攻角小于26°的情况下均能很好地重附到翼型吸力面表面.实验表明,流动分离越严重,对等离子体激励的强度要求也越高,等离子体激励的电压和电极组数也必须相应增大;给定的流动分离状态下,等离子体激励的电压和电极组数存在一个阈值;等离子体激励的最佳位置在流动分离起始点的前缘;雷诺数增大后,流动分离更难抑制.