用于压气机流动计算的3种模型比较

为了更好地对压气机流动进行模拟，在课题组自行开发的结构化有限体积解算器上实现了用于压气机流场计算的混合平面法、谐波平衡法及相滞后法.以NASA Stage 35为例，对3种方法的计算结果进行了比较分析.结果表明:相滞后法的计算精度最高，混合平面法的计算精度最低；相滞后法与半环的双时间推进法结果相近，计算速度提高了20倍；相比混合平面法，谐波平衡法能准确地模拟动静叶间的非定常干涉及进出口参数变化；在谐波阶数达到5阶后，谐波平衡法计算得到的结果不随阶数变化，且与相滞后法的结果基本吻合；混合平面法的计算效率远高于另外两种方法，相滞后法与谐波平衡法在谐波阶数为5阶时的计算效率相当.      

Nonlinear modal electromechanical coupling factor for piezoelectric structures containing nonlinearities

Within the linear framework, the Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (MEMCF) is an important indicator to quantify the dynamic conversion of mechanical energy and electrical energy of piezoelectric structures. It is also an important tool to guide the piezoelectric damping design of linear structures. Advanced aircraft often fly in maneuvers, and the variable working conditions induce drastic changes in the load level on structures. Geometric and contact nonlinearities of thin-walled structures and joint structures are often activated. To achieve a good vibration reduction effect covering all working conditions, one cannot directly use linear electromechanical coupling theory to instruct the piezoelectric damping design for nonlinear structures. Therefore, this paper defines the Nonlinear Modal Electromechanical Coupling Factor (NMEMCF) and proposes the corresponding numerical method for the first time to quantitatively evaluate the electromechanical coupling capability of nonlinear piezoelectric structures. Three candidate definitions of the NMEMCF are given, including two frequency definitions and one energy definition. The energy definition is the most promising one. It is not only applicable to both conservative and dissipative nonlinear structures but also compatible with the linear MEMCF. In addition, based on the energy formula, the NMEMCF can be obtained by only performing one nonlinear modal analysis in the open-circuit state. The analytical findings and the numerical tool are validated against two piezoelectric structures with different types of nonlinearities. A strong correlation among the NMEMCF, geometric parameters, and energy dissipation is observed. The results confirm that the proposed NMEMCF captures the physics of the electromechanical coupling phenomenon associated with nonlinear piezoelectric structures and can be used as an essential design indicator of piezoelectric damping, especially for variable working conditions.     

导引头伺服机构消隙齿轮系统动力学特性分析

消隙齿轮广泛应用于导引头伺服机构惯性稳定平台传动系统中，用于消除回程误差，提高传动精度。目前，对消隙齿轮传动系统的动力学分析大多采用数值方法，然而在求解含时变啮合刚度和间隙的强非线性系统时耗时较长。本文利用集中质量法建立考虑时变啮合刚度的消隙齿轮系统动力学模型，通过对模型的无量纲及归一化处理，运用分段的增量谐波平衡法对消隙齿轮传动系统进行分析，并利用四阶Runge-Kutta法进行数值验证，研究了不同参数对消隙齿轮系统动力学特性的影响规律。结果表明:随扭簧刚度的提高，系统谐振频率也提高，且共振幅值降低;随内部激励的增加、阻尼比的减小，系统由周期运动逐渐变为混沌运动，且共振幅值增大。     

基于动力学模型的旋翼动平衡故障仿真及诊断

旋翼桨叶质量不平衡造成旋翼动不平衡,从而引起直升机振动。针对旋翼动不平衡故障,建立直升机动力学模型,对桨叶质量不平衡进行故障仿真及分析,建立质量不平衡故障与调整配重的对应关系；进而提出一种 BP神经网络和遗传算法结合的旋翼调整方法,建立输入参数与桨叶配重之间的模型,将四片桨叶的挥舞角和机体横滚、俯仰 2个方向的加速度值及相位作为网络输入,通过学习训练,根据输入数据预测调整配重,从而减小直升机 振动,解决旋翼动不平衡问题。     

Energy efficient reactionless design of multi-arm space robot for a cooperative handshake maneuver

Space robots play a significant role in on-orbit capture, space structure construction, and assembly tasks. Since the robotic arms are attached to a free-floating satellite, the motion of the manipulator in such tasks and the satellite are coupled. Multiple-arm space robots can perform complex cooperative tasks and are superior to single-arm space robots. Current work proposes a reactionless manipulation algorithm for a multi-robotic arm based on the iterative Newton–Euler method for space robots with many task and balance arms. The present work demonstrates two tasks and one balance arm to perform a reactionless handshake maneuver in space. This maneuver is presented in detail for a planar and spatial case. The planar case uses 3 DoF robotic arms, while the spatial case uses 6 DoF robotic arms. In addition, the balance arm has been designed considering the efficient usage of energy satisfying reactionless manipulation concept. The design procedure focuses on minimizing energy used during the motion of the balance arm for a known motion of task arms using a genetic algorithm. Moreover, computational experiments are conducted to validate the use of the genetic algorithm for optimization. The results of proposed reactionless manipulation algorithm have been validated with the results available in the literature for the spatial case that uses a different method. In the future, an energy-efficient balance arm will be designed to handle tumbling objects.     

发动机试验台测力机构柔性梁设计研究

柔性梁的刚度性能影响风洞盒式应变天平的精准度,是发动机试验台测力试验数据精确可靠的重要保证,而柔性铰链更是柔性梁设计的关键所在。首先,借助有限元分析方法对四种典型柔性铰链进行计算分析,优选出综合刚性最好的柔性铰链形式;其次,基于选择的柔性铰链形式,研究三个关键结构参数对铰链刚度的影响;最后,设计五种不同厚度的柔性梁进行有限元分析,并加工实物模型进行加载试验验证。结果表明:铰链宽度b=40mm、半径R=5mm、最小厚度t=4mm时双圆弧柔性梁的综合刚度最好,且侧向柔度大,轴向刚度优;有限元计算值和试验值吻合良好,误差小于5%,表明将有限元方法运用于柔性梁的设计优化是可行、可靠的。     

民用飞机液压管路系统设计流程与方法

飞机液压管路系统设计的优劣直接影响着液压系统及用户系统的性能.为了形成设计指导,根据民用飞机的设计思路,从需求入手,总结民用飞机研制各阶段液压管路系统设计输入、输出信息的捕获、设计方法及应达到的设计目标.通过实例,验证了所采用的压降曲线谱快速分配、调整压降及管径方法简单有效,本文所总结的设计流程与方法能够指导民用飞机液压管路系统的设计.     

叶轮机转静干涉计算建模方法比较

通过对尾迹-叶片干涉和激波-叶片干涉这两类典型转静干涉流动的模拟,对3种基于傅里叶分析的时域非定常计算建模方法,即形修正相延迟法、空间-时间梯度法和谐波平衡法进行对比分析；详细考察它们的区别与联系,不同方法的计算准确度和计算速度.计算表明:3种建模方法都可以很好地捕捉到非定常流动细节；与传统的时间推进法相比,计算速度提高了几倍到几十倍,可用于工程设计之中.      

风扇/增压级动平衡工装最佳支承跨距计算方法

某型航空发动机风扇增压级平衡工装采用悬臂支承结构,其支承跨距是该平衡工装的重要设计参数。针对该平衡工装的结构特点建立了最佳支承跨距的理论分析模型,给出了最佳支承跨距计算的解析表达式,并通过数值计算对最佳支承跨距进行了验证。结果表明:平衡工装最佳支承跨距的解析解与数值解一致,建立的最佳支承跨距计算方法可以为风扇增压级平衡工装的支承跨距的参数设计提供理论指导,提高平衡工装的平衡精度和平衡效果。