Oxygen concentration variation in ullage influenced by dissolved oxygen evolution

To determine the oxygen concentration variation in ullage that results from dissolved oxygen evolution in an inert aircraft fuel tank, the CFD method with a mass transfer source is applied in the present study. An experimental system is also designed to evaluate the accuracy of the CFD simulations. The dissolved oxygen evolution is simulated under different conditions of fuel load and initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert fuel tank with stimulations of heating and pressure decrease. The increase in the oxygen concentration in ullage ranges from 0.82% to 5.92% upon stimulation of heating and from 0.735% to 12.36% upon stimulation of a pressure decrease for an inert ullage in the simulations. The heating accelerates the release of the dissolved oxygen from the fuel by increasing the mass transfer rate in the mass transfer source and decreasing the pressure, thereby accelerating the dissolved oxygen evolution by increasing the concentration difference between the gas and the fuel. The time constant that represents the oxygen evolution rate is independent of the initial oxygen concentration in ullage of an inert tank but depends closely on the fuel load, temperature and pressure. The time constant can be fitted using a polynomial equation relating the fuel load to temperature in the heating stimulation with an accuracy of 4.77%. Upon stimulation of a pressure decrease, the time constant can be expressed in terms of the fuel load and the pressure, with an accuracy of 5.02%.     

Analysis of pressure characteristics under laminar and turbulent flow states inside the pilot stage of a deflection flapper servo-valve: Mathematical modeling with CFD study and experimental validation

Electro-hydraulic servo-valves are widely used components in the mechanical industry, aerospace and aerodynamic devices which precisely control the airplane or missile wings. Due to the small size and complex structure in the pilot stage of deflection flapper servo-valves, accurate mathematical models for the flow and pressure characteristics have always been very difficult to be built. In this paper, mathematical models for the pilot stage of deflection flapper servo-valve are investigated to overcome some gaps between the theoretical formulation and overall performance of the valve by considering different flow states. Here, a mathematical model of the velocity distribution at the flapper groove exit is established by using Schlichting velocity equations for in-compressible laminar fluid flow. Moreover, when the flow becomes turbulent, a mathematical model of pressure characteristics in the receiving ports is built on the basis of the assumption of the collision between the liquid and the jet as the impact of the jet on a moving block of fluid particles. To verify the analytical models for both laminar and turbulent flows, the pressure characteristics of the deflection flapper pilot stage are calculated and tested by using numerical simulation and experiment. Experimental verification of the theory is also presented. The computed numerical and analytical results show a good agreement with experimental data.     

基于CFD的风扇驱动齿轮箱流场和温度场特性分析

建立了GTF(geared turbofan)发动机风扇驱动齿轮箱仿真模型,采用RNG(renormalization-group) k -ε湍流模型和MRF(multiple reference frame)模型对风扇驱动齿轮箱内部流场和温度场进行了数值模拟。结果表明:在齿轮箱外啮合啮入、啮出位置,由于分油盘喷油口所在的两个倒角平面和流体速度方向垂直,出现了局部的涡流。齿轮箱中行星轮齿面温度最高,太阳轮其次,内齿圈温度最低。行星轮轴承滚子温度高于轴承内、外圈,行星轮轴承内圈采用环下润滑冷却方式,轴承内圈温度较低,行星轮轴承外圈温度受行星轮齿轮本体温度的影响,比内圈温度高。行星齿轮轮齿沿齿宽方向中间位置有一个温度峰值。沿齿高方向,靠近行星轮齿顶位置有一个较高的温度峰值,靠近齿根位置有一个相对较低的温度峰值。     

基于熵产最小曲线型散热器参数优化设计及数值模拟

基于参数化设计和模拟方法,采用VB开发了放射状散热器参数化设计模拟软件,可自动生成高质量的六面体网格和进行数值计算.利用该软件快速对风扇散热器组件的结构参数进行性能分析和讨论,加深了对风扇散热器组件各主要参数在散热器整体性能中影响程度的认识.采用并行计算流体力学方法,基于组合优化策略以熵产最小为目标函数对多参数结构风扇散热器组件进行优化,曲线型散热器优化结果比初步设计方案的性能提高了7％.     

多面体网格在CFD中的应用

介绍了多面体网格技术在计算流体力学(CFD)中的应用.考虑到粘性计算的需要,将混合网格技术引入多面体网格中,发展了一套多面体网格生成及求解技术,并用于M6机翼、DLR-F6复杂外形的气动特性模拟中.计算结果表明,多面体网格技术具有准确度较高、效率较高及适用性广等优点.     

确定性涡方法的精确度研究

本文以无界流场中圆形涡扩散问题为模型问题，对几种为典型的确定性涡方法进行了讨论，分析了方法的参数条件，数值结果表明，确定性涡方法比随机涡方法有更高的精度。     

尾翼攻角对斜背式轿车气动力特性影响的研究

以简化的斜背式轿车模型为研究对象,以商用计算流体力学软件STAR-CD为工具,利用移动边界条件进行三维数值模拟,计算了加装尾翼前和加装尾翼后两种车速下的车身阻力系数和升力系数,并通过与试验结果的对比,验证了数值计算结果的正确性。计算结果表明,尾翼的加装可以改善尾流结构,从而使气动力特性得到改善。     

气膜冷却涡轮导向叶片流场数值模拟

本文采用三维定常数值方法计算了某气膜冷却涡轮导向叶片流场。叶片的气膜冷却流动运用了源项模拟方法。将每排气膜孔用槽缝代替。计算的导叶能量损失系数和出口气流角与试验数据吻合良好。     

基于数值模拟的气动载荷计算方法研究

飞机气动载荷的获取一般要根据多项实验结果,经过飞行参数的仿真模拟,实验结果的处理等过程才能获得,而在飞机的初步设计阶段不可能进行大量的实验,但需要计算飞机的载荷和寿命.本文提出了一种利用数值模拟来确定基本气动载荷的方法,对于偏副翼的情况,用工程计算方法获得偏转引起的附加量,加到基本气动载荷上得到偏副翼时的气动载荷,该方法已用于某飞机型号设计.     

非平衡流计算方法及其模拟激波诱导振荡燃烧

给出一种数值模拟高超声速化学非平衡流动的计算方法，采用流动项与化学反应生成源项解耦处理，即可以有效地解决非平衡流动计算中遇到的刚性问题，还具有公式推导简单和应用方便的优点。从薄层近似N－S方程出发，采用ENO差分格式，数值模拟了超音速H2／Air预混合气体钝体绕流场，较好分辨出流场中激波诱导振荡燃烧非定常流动现象，表明计算方法具有较高的精度。对计算方法的效率和网格数的影响也进行研究。