串列多支柱主起落架布局飞机的起飞载荷研究

大型军用运输机、民航客机广泛采用可视为前三点式(前起落架组、左主起落架组、右主起落架组)的多支柱起落架布局方案.通常,此类飞机的最大起飞质量高达数百吨,起飞滑跑速度也较大,因此,起飞情况是起落架强度设计的重点.本文基于前三点式起落架计算理论,以及对An-124、An-225飞机起落架设计方案的研究,提出一类串列多支柱多轮主起落架的起飞情况地面载荷算法.     

不对称静子尾迹流场激振力分析及计算方法

为降低转子叶片在前排静子尾迹流场激振情况下的动应力,提高转子叶片疲劳寿命,对不对称静子叶片分布进行流场分析,研究在不对称静子分布非谐情况下,转子所受到的尾迹流场的激振力频谱及幅值.研究表明不对称静子分布非谐设计下,转子所受到的激振力由静子均布情况下的单频率高幅值激振转变为多频率成分低幅值激振力,通过对各个频率成分幅值的计算分析,得到了不对称静子分布非谐设计可有效降低转子叶片受到的尾流激振力,提高疲劳寿命的结论.同时,对不对称静子分布的三维流场计算,提出了简化计算方法,可大大降低计算时间和对计算机硬件要求.      

粗糙带对细长体大迎角流动非对称性的影响

通过模型表面压力分布测量和表面油流图谱显示等试验手段,在低湍流度风洞中探讨了模型头部不同形式的粗糙带对细长体大迎角条件下流动非对称性的影响.结果表明:"条型"粗糙带可以有效改善流动非对称性、降低当地侧向力;"环型"粗糙带可以改善模型表面的分离状态,但是却增强了流动非对称性;"条型 环型"粗糙带对于表面流谱的影响较为复杂.但是这些形式的粗糙带都不能完全消除流动非对称性所产生的侧向力.试验结果还展示出了大迎角状态下,流动非对称性的存在形式与表现特征.     

On the performance of IRI-2016 to predict the North-South asymmetry of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 73°E longitude

The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in both northern and southern Equatorial anomaly regions are examined by using the Global Positioning System (GPS) based TEC measurements around 73°E Longitude in the Asian sector. The TEC contour charts obtained at SURAT (21.16°N; 72.78°E; 12.9°N Geomagnetic Lat.) and DGAR (7.27°S; 72.37°E; 15.3°S Geomagnetic Lat.) over 73°E longitude during a very low solar activity phase (2009) and a moderate solar activity (2012) phase are used in this study. The results show the existence of hemispheric asymmetry and the effects of solar activity on the EIA crest in occurrence time, location and strength. The results are also compared with the TEC derived by IRI-2016 Model and it is found that the North-South asymmetry at the EIA region is clearly depicted by IRI-2016 with some discrepancies (up to 20% in the northern hemisphere at SURAT and up to 40% in the southern hemisphere at DGAR station for June Solstice and up to 10% both for SURAT and DGAR for December Solstice). This discrepancy in the IRI-2016 model is found larger during the year 2012 than that during the solar minimum year 2009 at both the hemispheres. Further, an asymmetry index, (A_i) is determined to illustrate the North-South asymmetry observed in TEC at EIA crest. The seasonal, annual and solar flux dependence of this index are investigated during both solstices and compared with the TEC derived by IRI.     

Second order experimental statistics of rain attenuation at Ka band in a tropical location

Some second order rain attenuation statistics such as fade duration and fade slope are investigated on the basis of experimental measurements of received signals using the GSAT-14 satellite beacon signal at 20.2 GHz for three years (2014–2016) over the tropical location Ahmedabad (23.02 ⁰E, 72.51⁰N), India with an Elevation angle of 63⁰. Existing models of fade duration are compared with experimental data in this study and exponent of power law model of fade duration at Ka band is further explored. A new model for fade duration for Ka band for tropical locations is proposed where the constant of exponent of attenuation in the power law is found to be 0.143 instead of 0.055 used in ITU-R. Other relevant parameters for implementation of fade mitigation technique to prevent the link outage like cumulative distribution of signal fade rate, maximum and minimum fade rise and fade fall are also studied. Fade slope asymmetry over tropical region is also investigated. Keeping in view of exploiting the commercial launch of Ka band in Indian region there is an urgent need for validation of the existing models of fade slope (specially looking into fade symmetry) and fade duration. It will help the SATCOM (Satellite Communication) link designer to improve closed loop fade mitigation technique to minimize the possible link failure/link outage over the tropical region.     

Investigation of N–S asymmetry of solar differential rotation by various patterns for solar cycles 20 and 21

For solar cycles 20 and 21 the latitudinal variations of the solar rotation rates are found using data of the H_α filaments and the long-lived magnetic features of negative and positive polarities. Analysis of the data showed that: (a) there is N–S asymmetry in the equatorial rotation of the H_α filaments and the long-lived magnetic features; (b) for both solar cycles the long-lived magnetic features of both polarities have similar behavior; (c) in the solar cycle 20 the long-lived magnetic features of both polarities vary in phase to each other but show some difference during cycle 21. For the long-lived magnetic features of positive polarity the confidence level is lower than for those of negative one.     

The asymmetrical features in electron density during extreme solar minimum

The variations of plasma density in topside ionosphere during 23rd/24th solar cycle minimum attract more attentions in recently years. In this analysis, we use the data of electron density (Ne) from DEMETER (Detection of Electromagnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions) satellite at the altitude of 660–710 km to investigate the solstitial and equinoctial asymmetry under geomagnetic coordinate system at LT (local time) 1030 and 2230 during 2005–2010, especially in solar minimum years of 2008–2009. The results reveal that ΔNe (December–June) is always positive over Southern Hemisphere and negative over northern part whatever at LT 1030 or 2230, only at 0–10°N the winter anomaly occurs with ΔNe (December–June) > 0, and its amplitude becomes smaller with the declining of solar flux from 2005 to 2009. The ΔNe between September and March is completely negative during 2005–2008, but in 2009, it turns to be positive at latitudes of 20°S–40°N at LT 1030 and 10°S–20°N at LT 2230. Furthermore, the solstitial and equinoctial asymmetry index (AI) are calculated and studied respectively, which all depends on local time, latitude and longitude. The notable differences occur at higher latitudes in solar minimum year of 2009 with those in 2005–2008. The equinoctial AI at LT 2230 is quite consistent with the variational trend of solar flux with the lowest absolute AI occurring in 2009, the extreme solar minimum, but the solstitial AI exhibits abnormal enhancement during 2008 and 2009 with bigger AI than those in 2005–2007. Compared with the neutral compositions at 500 km altitude, it illustrates that [O/N₂] and [O] play some roles in daytime and nighttime asymmetry of Ne at topside ionosphere.     

基于性能退化缓解的双发推力匹配控制

为了解决退化程度不同而导致的双发推力不匹配问题,首先介绍基于发动机性能退化缓解控制的双发推力匹配控制系统(在发动机基准控制系统的基础上添加外围控制回路实现对推力的间接控制,并通过设定双发共同遵循的期望推力减少由于发动机退化程度不同造成的双发推力差异),之后对该系统所涉及的推力设定、参数估计、转速指令修正等关键技术进行研究,最后在MATLAB/Simulink环境下进行仿真验证,结果表明:该系统可以在发动机参数限制范围内合理地设定双发共同遵循的期望推力,减少推力差异,满足自动协调双发推力匹配的设计要求。     

加速度计全量程标度因数不对称性标定算法研究

全量程标度因数不对称性是高精度石英挠性加速度计的一项重要指标,其大小对于惯导系统的导航精度具有非常大的影响。在加速度计精密离心机测试中,由离心加载引起的各种误差是进行加速度计标定的主要影响因素,论文给出了适用于精密离心机测试的加速度计输出模型与数据求解方法。为提高标定精度,以标度因数测试误差作为衡量指标,对输入数据进行迭代与修正;对修正后的测试数据进行三阶拟合,计算正向与负向标度因数,从而得到全量程标度因数不对称性。经试验验证,测试数据修正后可将标度因数误差从10-4降低至10-9,标度因数不对称性水平从10-4提高至10-5。     

细长旋成体大迎角非定常运动数值研究

利用DES方法对处于非对称流态下的细长旋成体进行了俯仰和偏航振荡的数值模拟,观察细长体气动特性尤其是背风面非对称分离涡的变化。计算结果表明在大迎角非对称多涡系情况下,固定频率和振幅的非定常运动可以改变流场结构和气动力,对细长体背风面流态有巨大的影响。俯仰振荡对非对称分离涡有明显的控制作用,抑制流场的非对称性,使分离涡趋于对称;而固定频率的偏航振荡则破坏背风面分离涡的稳定性,激励非对称背涡产生随时间变化的周期性脱落。所进行的非定常运动与细长体流场耦合作用研究在国内外研究尚少。