用雷达图像作非协同式空中目标识别：识别率作为信号带宽函数

尽管非协同式目标识别与高可靠敌我识别极其相关，但一直是一个有等解决的问题，过去提出并研究了许多方法，如：利用目标的红外、声学、光学或雷达特征等，其中一些方法是无源法，其优点是不会对被观测目标发出报警，不足之处是观测距离有限，边缘分辨率低，本文介绍的方法是在利用飞机雷达图像的基础上提出的，所研究的是一维雷达图像（通常所说的高距离分辨率剖面图）和二维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）图像。     

Research priorities and plans for the International Space Station-results of the 'REMAP' Task Force

Recent events in the International Space Station (ISS) Program have resulted in the necessity to re-examine the research priorities and research plans for future years. Due to both technical and fiscal resource constraints expected on the International Space Station, it is imperative that research priorities be carefully reviewed and clearly articulated. In consultation with OSTP and the Office of Management and budget (OMB), NASA's Office of Biological and Physical Research (OBPR) assembled an ad-hoc external advisory committee, the Biological and Physical Research Maximization and Prioritization (REMAP) Task Force. This paper describes the outcome of the Task Force and how it is being used to define a roadmap for near and long-term Biological and Physical Research objectives that supports NASA's Vision and Mission. Additionally, the paper discusses further prioritizations that were necessitated by budget and ISS resource constraints in order to maximize utilization of the International Space Station. Finally, a process has been developed to integrate the requirements for this prioritized research with other agency requirements to develop an integrated ISS assembly and utilization plan that maximizes scientific output.     

固有模态函数（IMF）积检测器——以低信噪比情况下超宽带雷达信号检测为例

首次提出了一种固有模态函数积检测器。首先通过经验模式分解（EMD）把带噪信号分解成有限个固有模态函数（IMF）。检测的基本思路是，对各个IMF分量的绝对值作逐点乘积，用于抑制噪声并凸现信号，最后进行滤波和判决。本文以UWB信号为例，数据源于UWB雷达实验系统。在低信噪比（SNR），UWB脉冲与噪声波形相似，且噪声概率密度函数（PDF）未知情况下，进行实验。结果表明，当峰峰信噪比低于5dB时，该检测器性能优于Teager能量算子（TEO）。     

Comparative survival analysis of Deinococcus radiodurans and the haloarchaea Natrialba magadii and Haloferax volcanii exposed to vacuum ultraviolet irradiation

The haloarchaea Natrialba magadii and Haloferax volcanii, as well as the radiation-resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, were exposed to vacuum UV (VUV) radiation at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory. Cell monolayers (containing 10(5) to 10(6) cells per sample) were prepared over polycarbonate filters and irradiated under high vacuum (10(-5) Pa) with polychromatic synchrotron radiation. N. magadii was remarkably resistant to high vacuum with a survival fraction of (3.77±0.76)×10(-2), which was larger than that of D. radiodurans (1.13±0.23)×10(-2). The survival fraction of the haloarchaea H. volcanii, of (3.60±1.80)×10(-4), was much smaller. Radiation resistance profiles were similar between the haloarchaea and D. radiodurans for fluences up to 150?J m(-2). For fluences larger than 150?J m(-2), there was a significant decrease in the survival of haloarchaea, and in particular H. volcanii did not survive. Survival for D. radiodurans was 1% after exposure to the higher VUV fluence (1350?J m(-2)), while N. magadii had a survival lower than 0.1%. Such survival fractions are discussed regarding the possibility of interplanetary transfer of viable microorganisms and the possible existence of microbial life in extraterrestrial salty environments such as the planet Mars and Jupiter's moon Europa. This is the first work to report survival of haloarchaea under simulated interplanetary conditions.     

Thyrotropin receptor and membrane interactions in FRTL-5 thyroid cell strain in microgravity

The aim of this work was to analyze the possible alteration of thyrotropin (TSH) receptors in microgravity, which could explain the absence of thyroid cell proliferation in the space environment. Several forms of the TSH receptor are localized on the plasma membrane associated with caveolae and lipid rafts. The TSH regulates the fluidity of the cell membrane and the presence of its receptors in microdomains that are rich in sphingomyelin and cholesterol. TSH also stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and cell proliferation. Reported here are the results of an experiment in which the FRTL-5 thyroid cell line was exposed to microgravity during the Texus-44 mission (launched February 7, 2008, from Kiruna, Sweden). When the parabolic flight brought the sounding rocket to an altitude of 264?km, the culture media were injected with or without TSH in the different samples, and weightlessness prevailed on board for 6 minutes and 19 seconds. Control experiments were performed, in parallel, in an onboard 1g centrifuge and on the ground in Kiruna laboratory. Cell morphology and function were analyzed. Results show that in microgravity conditions the cells do not respond to TSH treatment and present an irregular shape with condensed chromatin, a modification of the cell membrane with shedding of the TSH receptor in the culture medium, and an increase of sphingomyelin-synthase and Bax proteins. It is possible that real microgravity induces a rearrangement of specific sections of the cell membrane, which act as platforms for molecular receptors, thus influencing thyroid cell function in astronauts during space missions.     

薄壁内、外半管冲压成形工艺参数模拟优化设计

针对内、外半管的结构特点,分析计算冲压成形主要工艺参数及毛坯尺寸,运用有限元分析软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA,对内、外半管的成形过程进行了模拟。研究了不同压边力及不同冲压速度对零件拉深成形的影响,分析了零件的成形工艺及其起皱缺陷,优化了毛坯形状,避免了成形过程中的缺陷,获得了理想的毛坯形状和工艺参数。     

关于粘土/高性能环氧纳米复合材料的形态及力学性能的研究

对粘土片层在纳米粘土／高性能环氧树脂体系中的分散状态及力学性能进行了研究。通过加入较少的粘土（含量≤5wt％）得到插层型纳米复合材料。纳米粘土的存在使环氧树脂的玻璃化转变温度有所降低。粘土质量含量为2％时，复合材料的冲击强度约上升10％，但超过2％后。冲击强度随之下降。材料的弯曲强度则随着粘土含量的升高而逐步降低。     

应用于航天的专家系统外壳

从地面对航天器上复杂的、紧密耦合的系统进行控制是一项非常复杂的任务。在起飞期间,操作员不停地监视着输入的系统数据,并作出各种判断以保证发射成功。在大多数系统中,操作员从嵌入地面控制计算机的软件中获取这些原始数据。如果数据超过了某一固定门限,则软件触发一个警告。然而,紧密耦合的子系统经常会引发几个警告并同时发声,信息大量涌向操作员,延误操作员的反应时间,导致慌乱、疏忽和系统失败。     

A ROBUST FLOW CALCULATION TECHNIQUE WITH MULTIPLE FINITE CONTROL VOLUMES

The control volume method gives the forces which act on the system, but not necessarily the wall pressure of the system. The author has made an attempt to develop a control volume method which makes it possible to obtain the wall pressure of the control volume. The 2-D inviscid incompressible steady duct flow is considered. The conservation equations in integral form are discretized for a control volume. The circulation along the control surface is expressed as a nonlinear function of the vertical velocity component at the inlet and is set equal to zero for the inviscid flow. The equation is solved by the Newton method, and the other aerodynamic properties can be obtained. The calculated results have been compared to the experiment and the agreement has been found fairly satisfactory.     

窄条翼导弹模型摇滚运动动力学特性研究

利用NS方程和飞行力学方程耦合的数值模拟,研究分析了窄条翼导弹模型摇滚运动的动力学特性和产生机理。控制方程为URANS和刚体单自由度转动方程,计算取Roe格式、SA湍流模型、双时间步法,气动/运动耦合采用双时间步三阶Adams预估校正法。计算Ma=0.6,α=35°,模型进入极限环振荡,振幅10.14°,周期20Hz,与风洞试验结果吻合较好。受力分析表明力矩迟滞曲线为双8环,中间为不稳定环,两侧为稳定环;模型的动不稳定性是由迎风尾舵引起,背风尾舵不能提供足够的动稳定性,导致模型丧失滚转阻尼,最终进入等幅等周期的极限环振荡;计算证实,该极限环是稳定的,模型在任意初始状态或微扰动作用下都将进入该极限环振荡。计算结果还表明,在非定常效应较强时,转动惯量对摇滚振幅影响不大,对频率影响明显。